????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? Status Report of the Arabic Linguistic Committee of AINC

1
????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????
?????? ?????? ???????? Status Report of the
Arabic Linguistic Committee of AINC
??? 1423?? April 2002

• Dr. Abdulaziz H. Al-Zoman
• Linguistic Committee (Chairman)
• Saudi Network Information Center (SaudiNIC)
• King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
• Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

?. ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????
??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????
????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????
??????? ????????
zoman_at_isu.net.sa
2
????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????????
Status Report of the ALCContents

• ?????
• ???????? ?? ?????? ??????
• ??????? ????? ????????
• ????? ???????? ?????? ???????
• ??????? ????????
• ????????? ???????
• ?????? ???????
• ???????
• ??????????? ????????
• ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????????
• ??? ?????? ??????
• ?????? ??????
• ???????

• Introduction
• Internet in the Arabic world
• Levels of Arabizing of Internet
• Arabic domain names
• Why Arabizing them?
• Requirements and Solutions
• Arabic Linguistic Committee
• The start
• Participation Strategies
• Tasks that have been done so far
• Within ALC activities
• Supporting tasks
• Conclusions

3
????? Introduction ???????? ?? ?????
??????Internet in Arab Countries
of Population Number of Users Number of Users per Account Number of Subscribers Country Rank
24.44 660,000 3 220,000 UAE 1
16.67 105,000 3 35,000 Bahrain 2
10.27 75,000 3 25,000 Qatar 3
8.25 165,000 3 55,000 Kuwait 4
6.56 262,500 3.5 75,000 Lebanon 5
4.57 210,000 6 35,000 Jordan 6
3.53 60,000 5 12,000 Palestine 7
3.36 84,000 3 28,000 Oman 8
2.89 280,000 4 70,000 Tunisia 9
2.59 570,000 3 190,000 Saudi Arabia 10
0.82 560,000 8 70,000 Egypt 11
0.73 220,000 4 55,000 Morocco 12
0.6 180,000 4 45,000 Algeria 13
0.4 20,000 5 4,000 Libya 14
0.18 32,000 4 8,000 Syria 15
0.08 14,000 4 3,500 Yemen 16
0.08 28,000 4 7,000 Sudan 17
0.06 12,500 25 500 Iraq 18
1.29 3,538,000 938,000 Total

• ??? ??????????
• ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? 275 ????? ????
• ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? 3.5 ????? (1.3)
  ??????
• 10 ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????
  ??????
• ??? ????? ????????
• ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????
• ??????? ??????? ???????
• ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????
• ?????

?????? www.ajeeb.com
4
???????????? ????? ????????
IntroductionLevels of Arabizing Internet

• Some statistics
• Population of Arab world 275 B
• Internet users in the Arab world 3.5M (1.3)
• 10 who can speak English in the Arabic world
• Some obstacles facing Internet use
• Telecommunication infrastructure
• High cost
• Computer Illiteracy
• Language
• Levels of Arabization
• Contents
• Tools and applications
• Authoring tools
• Domain names

• ??????? ???????
• ????? ???????
• ????? ????? ??????? ????????
• ????? ????? ?????
• ????? ????? ????? ????????

5
????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????
????? ???????
Arabic Domain NamesWhy Arabizing Domain Names?

• ???????? ??? ?????? ???????
• ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????
• ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????
• ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????
• ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???
  ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ?????
  ????????
• ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????
  ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????????

• Preserving our Arabic entity
• Encouraging Arab users to widely use Internet
• Difficulty to reach Arabic sites
• English language is incapable of representing
  Arabic characters
• Well-known entities would like to maintain their
  Arabic names in all media including Internet
• Arabs are entitle to use their language on the
  Internet in the similar way as English-speaking
  users

6
????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????
Arabic Domain Names Requirements and Solutions

• Requirement
• The use of Arabic language to express domain
  names
• Solution Levels
• Linguistic issues
• Arabic TLDs
• Technical solutions
• Root servers

• ???????
• ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???
  ????????
• ??????? ??????
• ??????? ???????
• ???????? ???????
• ?????? ??????
• ???????? ????????

7
????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????
Arabic Domain Names Requirements and Solutions

• ????? ????? ??????
• ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????
  ?????? ???????? ????
• ?????? ??? ???????
• ??? ???????
• ?????? ?? ???????
• ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??
  ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? (ICANN)
• ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????
• ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???
  ????????? ???? (AINC, MINC)

• Current problems
• There are solutions from some companies that
  provide Arabic domains, however
• Non-standard solutions
• Not compatible
• Multi-registration
• Unrecognized by ICANN
• May result to have separate Arabic networks!
• This leads to the establishment of a number of
  organizations (e.g., AINC, MINC)

8
????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????
?????? ????????- ?????? ???????
Arabic Domain Names AINC - Arabic Linguistic
Committee

• ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? 30 ?????
  2001?
• ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????
• ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ????
  ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????
• ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????
• ????? ?????????
• ?????????? ??????? ?? ????????

• AINC was established in Amman meeting 30 April
  2001
• Participation Strategies
• The main goal is to increase the number of
  participants by inviting them to participate in
• The committees mailing list
• Filling the questionnaire
• Face-to-face meeting

9
?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???
Arabic Linguistic Committee Tasks that have been
done

• ????? ????? ?????? ?????
• ????? ????? ??????
• ??? ????? ?????? ??????
• ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????
• ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????
• ??? ??????? (?????? ??????? ???????????) ???
  ????????
• ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????
• ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????

• Stating the groups goals
• Outline the discussion issues
• Establishing a mailing list
• Starting discussing the issues and reaching some
  recommendations
• Supporting tasks that help achieving the goal of
  ALC
• Putting a questionnaire (in Arabic English) on
  the web
• Web pages about using Arabic in domain names
• Participating in the 2nd GCC ccTLD meeting and
  issuing a final statement

10
?????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Finished tasks -
Mailing list

• ????? ???????
• AINC-ALC_at_ISU.NET.SA
• ????????
• ????? ???????
• http//www.isu.net.sa/mailman/listinfo/ainc-alc
• ??? ??????? 51
• ??? ??????? 250 ?????

• Group mailing list
• AINC-ALC_at_ISU.NET.SA
• Subscription
• Please fill the form http//www.isu.net.sa/
  mailman/listinfo/ainc-alc
• 51 members
• 250 e-mail messages

11
?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? - ???????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Finished tasks - Goals

• ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??
  ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????
• ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????
  ?????? ????????

• To define the accepted Arabic character set to be
  used for writing domain names in Arabic
• To define the top-level domains of the Arabic
  domain name tree structure (i.e., Arabic gTLDs,
  and ccTLDs)

12
?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????
??????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Finished tasks -
Outline of discussion issues

• ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????
• ?????? 1.1 ???????
• ?????? 1.2 ???????
• ?????? 1.3 ????? ?????? ????????
• ?????? 1.4 ??????
• ?????? 1.5 ????? ???????? ??????
• ?????? 1.6 ???????
• ?????? 1.7 ?????? ?????? ??????
• ?????? 1.8 ??? ???????
• ?????? 1.9 ??????
• ?????? 1.10 ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????
• ?????? 1.11 ??????
• ?????? 1.10 ??????? ??????? ???

• TOPIC 1 Arabic Domain Name
• ISSUE 1.1 Tashkeel
• ISSUE 1.2 Kasheeda
• ISSUE 1.3 Taa-MarbotaHaa
• ISSUE 1.4 Hamzah
• ISSUE 1.5 Alif MaqsuraYa
• ISSUE 1.6 Numbers
• ISSUE 1.7 dot or Arabic Zero
• ISSUE 1.8 Connecting Multiple Words
• ISSUE 1.9 Space
• ISSUE 1.10 Mixing Latin and Arabic Characters
• ISSUE 1.11 Special Charters
• ISSUE 1.12 Accepted Character Set

13
?????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????
??????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Finished tasks -
Outline of discussion issues

• ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????
• ?????? 2.1 ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????
  ??????
• ?????? 2.2 ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????
• ?????? 2.3 ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????
  ?????
• ?????? 2.4 ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????
  ?????

• TOPIC 2 Arabic gTLDs and ccTLDs
• ISSUE 2.1 Criteria for selecting a gTLD
• ISSUE 2.2 Suggested list of gTLDs
• ISSUE 2.3 Criteria for selecting a ccTLD
• ISSUE 2.4 Suggested list of ccTLDs

14
?????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Finished tasks -
Discussion Results

• ISSUE 1.1 Tashkeel
• Recommendation
• Tashkeel should not be allowed. However, if there
  is a need to allowed users to entered Tashkeel
  as part of a domain name then it should be
  stripped off by nameprep.

• ?????? 1.1 ???????
• ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????
  ????? ???? (??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???)
  ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????.
• ???????
• ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???
  ??? ??????
• ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??
  ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????
  ????? ?? ????? ?????.
• ??????
• ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??
  ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???
  ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????
  ????????

15
?????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Finished tasks -
Discussion Results

• ISSUE 1.2 Kasheeda
• Recommendation
• It should not be allowed.

• ?????? 1.2 ???????/???????
• ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???
  ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (??? ?????????) ???
  ????? ??????.
• ???????
• ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????
  ?????? ???????.
• ??????
• ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????.

16
?????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Finished tasks -
Discussion Results

• ISSUE 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 (folding) HaTamarbutah,
  different forms of hamza, YaAlif maqsura
• Recommendation
• Folding should not be allowed.

• ??????? 1.3 ? 1.4 ? 1.5 ????? ????? ?????????
  ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? (?????
  ??????)
• ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? (??????)
  ??? ??? ???? ???? ???
• ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? (?? ?) ?
  ???? ????? ????? (???????)? ????? ?? ????? ??????
  (?????) ? ????? ?????? ???????? (???)
• ???????
• ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??
  ????? ???.
• ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???
  ??? ?? ?????????.
• ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????
• ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??
  ??? ????.
• ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???
  ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???
  ??? ?????? ??????.
• ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????????
• ??????
• ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ?? ?? ????
  ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????

??? ????? ?????? ? ? ? ? ? ? (? ? ? ?) ? ?
?????? 28.4 30.6 41.3 29.2
??? ????? 50 48 35.2 47.3
?? ???? 21.6 21.4 22.5 23.5
17
?????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Finished tasks -
Discussion Results

• ISSUE 1.6, 1.7 Numbers and Arabic zero

• ??????? 1.6 ? 1.7 ??????? ?????? ??????
• ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (0,
  1, 2, 3, , 9) ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????
  (1?0? 2? 3? ? 9) ?? ????? ????????.
• ???????
• ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? (0) ? ?????? (.) ????
  ?? ?????????
• ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????
  ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????
  ????????.
• ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????
  (O) ? ????? (0) ????? ??? ????? (l) ?????? ????
  (1) ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??
  ???? ????.
• ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????
  ????
• ??????? ??????? ???????? (0? 1? 2? 3? 4? ) ????
  ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????
• ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????
  ???????? ??? ????? ??????
• ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????
  ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???
  ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????.

18
?????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Finished tasks -
Discussion Results

• Recommendation
• If it is technically possible, it is preferred to
  support both (Latin and Arabic) sets with folding
  to one set. Otherwise, Latin set is sufficient

• ??????
• ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??
  ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??
  ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ????????

19
?????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????
Linguistic IssuesISSUE 4 Multiple Words

• ISSUE 1.8, 1.9 Multiple words and spaces
• Recommendation
• Let technologies serve the language. Spaces
  should be supported to be part of a domain name.
• It is recommended that multiple words are
  separated by the character "-".

• ??????? 1.8? 1.9 ?????? ???? ???????
• ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????
  ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????
• ???????
• ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????
  ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????
  ??? "- " ?????? ???? ???????.
• ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????
  ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??
  ?????? (- ) ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????
  ?????.
• ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????
  ???? ??? ??????.
• ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????
  ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????
  ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????.
• ??????
• ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????
  ???? (????? ??????? ???????). ??? ??? ??? ??????.
• ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????
  - ???? ???????.

20
?????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Finished tasks -
Discussion Results

• ISSUE 1.10 Mixing Arabic and Latin
• Recommendation
• It is recommended that Arabic domain names be
  pure Arabic and they should not be mixed with
  other languages.

• ?????? 1.10 ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????
• ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????
  ???????? ????????
• ????????
• ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????
  ??? ?????

21
?????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Finished tasks -
Discussion Results

• ISSUE 1.11 Special characters
• Recommendation
• It is recommended that Arabic domain names should
  follow the standard with respect to the use of
  special characters.

• ?????? 1.11 ?????? ??????
• ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????
  ???????? ????????
• ????????
• ????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????

22
?????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Finished tasks -
Discussion Results

• ISSUE 1.12 Character set
• Recommendation
• It is recommended to use Uunicode 3.1.
• The following Unicode characters are accepted
• U0621-U063A (hamza-gheen)
• U0641-U064A (feh-yeh)
• U0660-U0669 (2?1?0?...?9)
• U0030 - U0039 (0,1,2,,9)
• U002D (Hyphen)
• U002E (Dot)
• Other than these characters are not allowed.

• ?????? 1.12 ??????? ???????
• ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??
  ????? ???????? ????????
• ????????
• ??????? ???? ??????? Unicode 3.1
• ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????
• U063A - U0621 ?????? ?? "? ??? ?
• U0641 - U064A ?????? ?? "?" ??? ?
• U002E ??????
• U002D ??????
• U0660-U0669 ??????? ?? "0" ??? "9"
• U0030- U0039 ??????? 9 0
• ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????
  ???????.

23
?????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Supporting tasks -
Questionnaire

• ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??
  ???? ????????
• http//www.saudinic.net.sa/survey/arabic.htm
• http//www.saudinic.net.sa/survey/english.htm
• ????? ?? 13 ???? ???
• ????? ?????
• ???????? ?????? ???????
• ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? 111

• The questionnaire is available in both Arabic and
  English languages
• http//www.saudinic.net.sa/survey/arabic.htm
• http//www.saudinic.net.sa/survey/english.htm
  
• Consists of 13 questions regarding
• Lingusitic issues
• Arabic TLDs
• The number of received responses so far 111
  (Results)

24
?????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????
?????????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Supporting tasks
Initial Results of the Questionnaire
25
?????? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ???
????????
Arabic Linguistic Committee Supporting tasks
Web Pages

• ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????
  ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????
  ????????
• http//www.saudinic.net.sa/arabicdomain/arabic_dom
  ains.htm
• http//www.saudinic.net.sa/ar/arabicdomain/arabic_
  domains.htm

• Publishing web pages about using the Arabic
  language in domain names (both in Arabic and
  English)
• http//www.saudinic.net.sa/arabicdomain/arabic_dom
  ains.htm
• http//www.saudinic.net.sa/ar/arabicdomain/arabic_
  domains.htm

26
?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????
?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????
(24-25 ???? ?????)
GCC ccTLDs Joint Statement Regarding Arabic
Domain names (16-17 June 2001)

• ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????
  ????????, ? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????
  ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????, ??? ???
  ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????
  ??????? ???.
• ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????
  ?????? (ccTLD) ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????
  ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????
  ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ????? ??????
  ??????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????, ????
  ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???
  ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????
  ???? ??????, ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????
  ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?
  ??????? ???????? ????? ??????.
• ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ????? ?????? (ccTLD) ?????? ???? ????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????
  ??? ?? ?? ??????? , ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????
  ??? (??? IETF) ???? ???????? ???????? ????
  ???????? . ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???
  ??? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????????, ??? (
  ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? (gTLD) ? ?????
  ?????? ????? ?????? (ccTLD) ) , ? ??? ???? ??????
  ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???
  ??????? .  

• Multilingual Domain Names and especially the
  Arabization of Domain Names are important factor
  and step to increase and encourage Arab users to
  use and adopt the Internet for their daily life.
• Also the GCC ccTLDs realized that there are
  number of Multilingual Solutions that are
  available in the market place to provide
  registration and resolution of Arabic Domain
  Names. However, these solutions are yet to be
  standardized and neither interoperable. The
  absence of such standard solutions could lead to
  confusion and isolation from the global Internet.
• Therefore, the GCC ccTLDs recommend that not to
  implement any live solution in its network yet
  till an appropriate entity, e.g. IETF,
  standardizes it. Additionally, all the Arabic
  linguistic roles and policies and the Arabic
  domain name tree structure (i.e., Arabic gTLDs,
  and ccTLDs) as well are agreed and defined by the
  appropriate Arabic linguistic body in
  coordination with standard bodies.

27
???????
Conclusions

• ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? (???? ????
  ?????)
• ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????
• ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????
• ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????
• ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????
  ??? ???????

• ALC has progressed very well (moving forward
  carefully but steadily)
• Invitation is still open for participation
• Inviting ALL Arab ccTLDs representatives to
  participate in ANC-ALC discussions
• There is some technical issues need to be
  studied
• Also, there are some linguistic issues related to
  languages using Arabic characters need to be
  studied

28
??? ??????
Appreciation and Acknowledgment

• ???? - ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??
  ????? ????? ???????
• ???? - ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????
• ???? - ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????
  ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????

• Thanks to AINC members for putting the trust on
  me as chairman of ALC
• Thanks to to all who have participated in ALC
  activities
• Thanks to SaudiNIC staff for their continuous
  support of ALC goals

29
???? ??? ???? ????????Thank you
Dr. Abdulaziz H. Al-Zoman SaudiNIC Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
?. ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????
???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????
zoman_at_isu.net.sa