Chap glossary for Certo's Modern Management, 9ed.

1
Alderfers ERG theory
Motivation
Motivation strength
Argyris maturity-immaturity continuum
Needs-goal theory
Behavior modification
Negative reinforcement
Content theories of motivation
Physiological needs
Equity theory of motivation
Porter-Lawler theory
Esteem needs
Positive reinforcement
Extrinsic rewards
Process theories of motivation
Flextime
Punishment
Hygiene, or maintenance, factors
Security, or safety, needs
Intrinsic rewards
Self-actualization needs
Job enlargement
Social needs
Theory X
Job enrichment
Theory Y
Job rotation
Theory Z
McClellands acquired needs theory
Vroom expectancy theory
Motivating factors, or motivators
2
Alderfers ERG theory is an explanation of human
needs that divides them into three basic types
existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth
needs.
3
Argyris maturity-immaturity continuum is a
concept that furnishes insights into human needs
by focusing on an individuals natural progress
from immaturity to maturity.
4
Behavior modification is a program that focuses
on managing human activity by controlling the
consequences of performing that activity.
5
Content theories of motivation are explanations
of motivation that emphasize peoples internal
characteristics.
6
Equity theory of motivation is an explanation of
motivation that emphasizes the individuals
perceived fairness of an employment situation and
how perceived inequities can cause certain
behaviors.
7
Esteem needs are Maslows fourth set of human
needsincluding the desires for self-respect and
respect from others.
8
Extrinsic rewards are rewards that are extraneous
to the task accomplished.
9
Flextime is a program that allows workers to
complete their jobs within a workweek of a normal
number of hours that they schedule themselves.
10
Hygiene, or maintenance, factors are items that
influence the degree of job dissatisfaction.
11
Intrinsic rewards are rewards that come directly
from performing a task.
12
Job enlargement is the process of increasing the
number of operations an individual performs in a
job.
13
Job enrichment is the process of incorporating
motivators into a job situation.
14
Job rotation is the process of moving workers
from one job to another rather than requiring
them to perform only one simple and specialized
job over the long term.
15
McClellands acquired needs theory is an
explanation of human needs that focuses on the
desires for achievement, power, and affiliation
that people develop as a result of their life
experiences.
16
Motivating factors, or motivators, are items that
influence the degree of job satisfaction.
17
Motivation is the inner state that causes an
individual to behave in a way that ensures the
accomplishment of some goal.
18
Motivation strength is an individuals degree of
desire to perform a behavior.
19
The needs-goal theory is a motivation model that
hypothesizes that felt needs cause human behavior.
20
Negative reinforcement is a reward that consists
of the elimination of an undesirable consequence
of behavior.
21
Physiological needs are Maslows first set of
human needsfor the normal functioning of the
body, including the desires for water, food,
rest, sex, and air.
22
The Porter-Lawler theory is a motivation theory
that hypothesizes that felt needs cause human
behavior and that motivation strength is
determined primarily by the perceived value of
the result of performing the behavior and the
perceived probability that the behavior performed
will cause the result to materialize.
23
Positive reinforcement is a reward that consists
of a desirable consequence of behavior.
24
Process theories of motivation are explanations
of motivation that emphasize how individuals are
motivated.
25
Punishment is the presentation of an undesirable
behavior consequence or the removal of a
desirable one that decreases the likelihood that
the behavior will continue.
26
Security, or safety, needs are Maslows second
set of human needsreflecting the human desire
to keep free from physical harm.
27
Self-actualization needs are Maslows fifth, and
final, set of human needsreflecting the human
desire to maximize personal potential.
28
Social needs are Maslows third set of human
needsreflecting the human desire to belong,
including longings for friendship, companionship,
and love.
29
Theory X is a set of essentially negative
assumptions about human nature.
30
Theory Y is a set of essentially positive
assumptions about human nature.
31
Theory Z is the effectiveness dimension that
implies that managers who use either Theory X or
Theory Y assumptions when dealing with people can
be successful, depending on their situation.
32
The Vroom expectancy theory is a motivation
theory that hypothesizes that felt needs cause
human behavior and that motivation strength
depends on an individuals degree of desire to
perform a behavior.