Addiction

1
Addiction

• Lecture 15

2
What is a drug addict?

• Historically
• weak-willed
• moral degenerate
• Portrayal inaccurate inappropriate
• heroin use vs. runners high

3
Definitions

• Abuse
• Use beyond social norms
• No dependence
• Addiction
• Compulsive self-administration
• Dependence

4
Drug Addiction

• Addiction vs dependence
• Historically required...
• Tolerance withdrawal
• Opiates barbiturates
• Cocaine other stimulants
• no tolerance or withdrawal
• animals self-administer

5
Common Elements

• Excessive use Duration of use
• Exceeds acceptable social norms
• Progression Worsens with time
• Loss of Control
• Unable to control amount.
• preoccupation with getting/using drug
• Impairment In
• Social, Economic, legal, or physical health

6
A Components Model of Addiction (Griffiths, 1996)

• Salience
• Preoccupation
• Mood Modification
• Why?
• Tolerance
• Diminished response

• Withdrawal
• abstinence ? unpleasant feelings
• Conflict
• w/ individuals or other activities
• Relapse
• reversion to addictive behavior after abstinence
  

7
Other Addictions?

• Chocolate?
• Caffiene?
• Gambling?
• Sex?
• Overeating?
• Shoppng?
• Internet?

• Excessive?
• Mood Modification?
• Salience?
• Tolerance?
• Withdrawal?
• Conflict?
• Relapse?

• Mood modification motivation?

• Euphoriant
• Self-medication

8
Drug Addiction

• Physiological vs. Psychological?
• (morphine) (cocaine)
• Physiological factors
• Morphine
• NT and receptors
• no drug ? deficient synaptic activity
• Cocaine
• DA in nucleus accumbens

9
Drug Addiction

• Withdrawal vs. Craving
• morphine vs. cocaine
• Psychological factors
• Morphine
• take more drug to escape withdrawal
• negative reinforcement
• Cocaine
• take more drug to experience euphoria
• positive reinforcement
• ?
  

10
Dependence Liability Learning

• Reinforcement Characteristics
• Positive reinforcers
• Negative reinforcers
• Aversive aftereffects
• Classical Operant Conditioning
• RFT magnitude
• RFT Delay
• Schedule of RFT

11
Dependence Liability Individual

• Motivation
• Important but Elusive
• Mood modification
• Personality
• Inconsistent Data
• Genetics
• Clear Contribution
• Susceptibility
• predisposition
• Alcoholism P3

12
Dependence Liability Environmental

• Availability
• Ease of Administration
• Cost
• financial
• legal
• physical
• Acceptability
• society, family, peers

13
All things considered, which drugs have the
highest dependence liability?
14

• Legal
• Cheap
• Available
• Easy to administer
• Socially acceptable (relatively)
• Advertising
• Classical Conditioning
• Targets youths