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Marine Invertebrates

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Title: Marine Invertebrates


1
Marine Invertebrates
2
PHYLA
  • 31 phlya of animals most have marine members
  • Only a few major phyla will be addressed in this
    presentation

3
Classification
  • Kingdom - Metazoa
  • Phylum - Echinodermata
  • Class - Asteroidea
  • Order - Forcipulatida
  • Family - Asteriidae
  • Genus - Pisaster
  • Species - ochraceus

purple sea star
4
Major Phyla
  • Porifera (hole bearers) - sponges
  • Cnidaria (stinging nettle) - sea anemone,
    hydroids, corals, jellyfish
  • Mollusca (soft bodied) - snails, sea slugs,
    bivalves, cephalopods, chitons
  • Annelida (segmented) - segmented worms
  • Arthropoda (jointed limbs) - crabs, shrimp,
    amphipods, isopods, barnacles
  • Echinodermata (spiny-skinned) - sea stars,
    urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers
  • Urochordata (tailed chordates) sea squirts,
    larvaceans

5
Porifera
  • Simplest multicelled animal
  • No organ systems
  • Group of individual cells working to make a
    multicelled animal
  • Filter feeder on plankton (often bacteria)
    Specialize cells pump water through body
  • Skeleton can be fibrous, and/or contain siliceous
    or calcareous spicules
  • About 50 species in Puget Sound
  • Often produce toxins for defense against
    predation

6
Cnidaria
  • Simple but with organ systems
  • Radial symmetry
  • Mouth/anus combined
  • Blind gut
  • Two cell layers with mesoglea (jelly) between
  • Stinging tentacles (or other specialized cells
    for capture of food) surround toothless mouth
  • Some have complex life cycle with attached and
    free swimming stages.

7
Stinging Cnidocyte
8
CnidariaSea anemones
9
CnidariaSea anemones
10
CnidariaCorals
11
CnidariaMoon Jellies
  • Strobila

12
Lions Main Jelly Up to 8 Diameter
13
Mollusca
  • Soft body often with shell(s)
  • Single foot often used for locomotion
  • Radula present in all groups but bivalves
  • Second largest group of invertebrates
  • One-way gut

14
No Shells Nudibranchs
15
One Shell Limpets / Snails
16
Eight Shells - Chitons
17
Bi-valves
18
Annelida
  • Most are polychaete worms
  • One way gut
  • Complex organ and sensory systems
  • Segmented
  • Over 200 species in Puget Sound
  • Tube dwelling and free living forms
  • Some colonial forms

19
Arthropoda
  • Jointed appendages
  • Exoskeleton
  • Complex organ and sensory systems
  • Largest animal phylum
  • Molting during growth
  • Eggs cared for by females
  • Planktonic larvae
  • Bilateral symmetry

20
molt
Live crab
21
(No Transcript)
22
Arthropoda
23
Arthropoda
24
Arthropoda
25
Echinodermata
  • Radial symmetry as adults
  • Water vascular system tube feet
  • Internal skeleton test
  • One way gut
  • Often with spines and or pedicellaria
  • Complex organ and sensory systems
  • Larvae usually planktonic

26
Echinodermata Sea Stars
27
Echinodermata more stars
28
Echinodermata Sea Urchins
29
Echinodermata Sand Dollars
30
Echinodermata Sea Cucumbers
31
Urochordata
  • Closely related to the chordates (animals with
    backbones)
  • Notochord
  • Hollow dorsal nerve cord
  • Some forms planktonic others sedentary
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Free living and colonial forms

32
Credits
  • Thanks to the Seattle Aquarium for this material.
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