Imperialism

1
The Age of Imperialism
1871-1914
2
Organizing Ideas
What Were the Motives for the New
Imperialism? Discuss Imperialism as It Applied
to Africa Asia America What Were the
Effects of Imperialism?
On Both the Imperialist Nations and the Nations
They Did It To More Positive or More Negative?
3
Whats the Difference Between the Old and the New
Imperialism?

• How Old Is Imperialism?
• When Was the Old
• Imperialism?
• Why Did It End in the Early 1800s?
• Why Did It Return?

4
The New Imperialism
What?
How?
When?
Where?
Why?
Who?
Significance?
5
Homework Quiz 3
Why Did Western Nations Engage in the New
Imperialism?

• Write an Intro Paragraph
• Complete Setting 5 Points
• Diverse Categories 5 Points
• Focused Thesis 5 Points

6
Motives

• Traded - Economics
• Self-Sufficiency
• Raw Materials
• Protected Markets
• Safe Investments
• National Security protection from other nations
• Nationalism
• Racism
• Social Darwinism
• Spread our ideas which are fittest
• Political - Democracy
• Economic - Capitalism
• Religious Christianity
• Positive Image Locke or Hobbes?
• Morality Do the right thing

7

• Other Social Motives

• Surplus Population
• Missionary Zeal
• Humanitarianism

• Rudyard Kipling
• An Obligation
• White Mans Burden

8
The White Mans Burden (by Rudyard Kipling)
9
Light of the World
10
According to The Cartoon, How Did Imperialism Affe
ct Other Nations?
11
Social Darwinism
12
The White Mans Burden
Rudyard Kipling
13
The White Mans Burden?
14
There Were Critics
Pile on the Brown Mans Burden And If Ye Rouse
His Hate Meet His Old Fashioned Reasons With
Maxims Up to Date, with Shells and Dum-Dum
Bullets The Brown Mans Loss Must Never Imply the
White Mans Gain
15
EuropeanNationalism
Source for Raw Materials
MissionaryActivity
Industrial Revolution
European Motives For Colonization
Markets forFinishedGoods
Military NavalBases
SocialDarwinism
Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Popul.
EuropeanRacism
HumanitarianReasons
Soc. Eco.Opportunities
WhiteMansBurden
16
(No Transcript)
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and Potential Dangers
18
Which Nation Served as the Role Model for the New
Imperialism?
19
Great Britain

• Where?
• How?
• Who?

Queen Victoria
Sun Never Sets on the Br. Empire
20
(No Transcript)
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The Message?
This One?
22
During the Time Period

• Added 4.25m Sq. Miles!
• Added 66m People!
• Invested 20b!

So, Who Wants to Be Like GB?
23
Manifestations of the New Imperialism
Southeast Asia Africa Latin America India China Th
e Pacific
What Did They Have in Common?
24
Southeast Asia
25
Objects of the Imperialist Nations
26
S o u t h e a s t A s i a

• Before 1800?
• Only (Sp.) Philippines and
• (Dutch) East Indies
• After 1800
• 1819 Br. Singapore
• ExpandedBurma
• French Vietnam
• Made Siam a Buffer

27

• King Mongkut
• and His Queen
• Resisted European
• Imperialism

28
Imperialism in the South Pacific
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Pre-19c European Trade with Africa
31
African Trade 15c-17c
32
19c Mysteries Adventures
33
European Explorers in Africa
19c ? Europeans Map the Interior of Africa
34
Dr. Livingstone
I Presume
Henry Stanley
35
1. Where Is Dr. Livingstone?
DoctorLivingstone,I Presume?
Sir Henry Morton Stanley
Dr. David Livingstone
36
European Explorations in mid-19cThe Scramble
for Africa
37
2. What is the Source of the Nile?
Sir Richard Burton
John Speke
38
Some Key Terms to Know

• Colony
• Protectorate
• Condominium
• Concession
• Sphere of Influence
• Direct vs. Indirect Rule

39
European Colonialism in Africa
40
Africa

• Problem with Africa malaria delivered by
  mosquitoes
• However, Europe solved that problem with the drug
  quinine

41
Africa in the 1880s
42
Imperialism in Africa
Homework 2 Quiz
List 5 Specific Facts from the Reading. No
BS (Bogus Specifics), Please
43
North
Africa
East
West

• Why Interested?
• Who (Major Players)?
• Where?

Central

• How Was Africa
• Impacted?
• Positive? Negative?

South
44
Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
45
West Africa

• After 1800, Slave Trade Faded
• What Next?
• New Stuff!
• Br, Port., Dutch, Fr, Ger, Sp.
• Overcame Native Resistance
• By 1914 All But
• Liberia

46
The Ottoman Empire
47
North Africa

• Part of Ottoman Empire
• 1805 Egypt Broke Away under
• Muhammad Ali
• Aid from Britain
• Suez Canal (1869)
• Br. Bought Egypts Stock
• Sought Control over Sudan
• Fr. Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco
• Tensionswith Sudanese and
• the French

48

• 1885 Won at
• Khartoum
• 1898 Victory
• at Omdurman
• Took over Sudan

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Battle of Omdurman
50
The Fashoda Incident

• What?
• Why?
• Impact?

51
Central Africa

• The Dark Part of the Continent
• Exploits of Explorers, Missionaries

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The Belgian Congo "King Leopold's Ghost"
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The Congo Free State orThe Belgian Congo
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King Leopold II(r. 1865 1909)
55

• Belgiums King Leopold II
• Belgian Congo
• Europeanization!

56
Congo River
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Rubber Vines
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Punish- ment
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5-8 Million Victims! (50 of Popul.)
It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers)
returning with the hands of the slain, and to
find the hands of young children amongst the
bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber
from this district has cost hundreds of lives,
and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to
help the oppressed, have been almost enough to
make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic
is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to
rise and sweep every white person on the Upper
Congo into eternity, there would still be left a
fearful balance to their credit. --
Belgian Official
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Belgiums Stranglehold on the Congo
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East Africa

• France First, then
• GB, GER, Port., Belgium
• NOT Italy
• Ethiopia Defeated
• Menelik II

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The Struggle For South Africa
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Dutch Landing in 1652
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Boers Clash With the Xhosa Tribes
Boer Farmer
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• Founded Natal,
• Transvaal, and
• the Orange
• Free State
• 200,000 Pop.
• After 1860
• Both Gold and
• Diamonds
• Discovered

Shaka Zulu
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Shaka Zulu (1785 1828)
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The Great Trek, 1836-38
Afrikaners
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Diamond Mines
Raw Diamonds
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The Struggle for South Africa
72

• Enter Cecil
• Rhodes
• His Dream?
• A Cape to
• Cairo Empire

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Who is this? Grabbing for?
74
Uncle Sam The Colossusof the Pacific (A
Parody)
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Paul Kruger (1825-1904)
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Boer-British Tensions Increase

• 1877 Britain annexed the Transvaal.

• 1883 Boers fought British in the
  Transvaal and regained its
  independence. - Paul Kruger becomes
  President.

• 1880s Gold discovered in the
  Transvaal

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The Boer War 1899 - 1900
The British
The Boers
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A Future British Prime Minister
British Boer War Correspondent, Winston Churchill
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The Struggle for South Africa
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Boer War

• Causes?
• Effects?
• 1910 Union
• of South
• Africa
• Apartheid

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(No Transcript)
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Africa in 1914
83
Impact
N e g a t i v e
P o s i t i v e
Where Next?
84
Review

• Name 3 Western Colonies in SEA.
• Imperialism in Africa

• Barbary Pirates
• Mohammed Ali
• Suez Canal
• David Livingstone
• Henry Stanley
• Omdurman
• Fashoda

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• Congress of Berlin (1885)
• Cape Colony
• Great Trek
• Cecil Rhodes
• Boer War

• What Was the Impact of Imperialism
• on Africa?
• Where Next?

86
Asia
Would Asia Go the Way of Africa?
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(No Transcript)
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India

• Which European Nation
• Opened India?
• What about Indias History Made
• It Vulnerable to Outsiders?
• What Was the Nature of
• India by the 19th Century?

89
An Empire in Decline
90

• The British Presence
• East India Company
• Robert Clive
• Seven Years War
• Treaty of Paris (1763)
• Aftermath
• Made Some Reforms
• Not Enough!

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The Sepoy Mutiny - 1857
Cawnpore Incident
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What on Earth Are They Doing to Those People?
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After 1857

• Direct Control
• Sent Viceroys
• Victoria Made
• Empress of
• India

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India After 1857

• Direct Control
• Jewel in the Crown
• Reforms
• Impact?

• Indian Nationalism
• ButHow?
• Leadership

95
INDIA Under The British Raj
96
Impact of British Raj --
97
Indias textiles?
98
M o r e R e f o r m s
Positive?
Negative?

• Read the Handout
• How Did Indians Respond?

99
Ram Mohun Roy

• Modernize
• (Westernize)
• End suttee/sati
• End child brides
• End thugees
• Dies in England

100
I n d i a n N a t i o n a l i s m

• What Did Nationalists Want?
• Indian National Congress
• Muslim League

101

• Mohandas Gandhi
• Passive Resistance
• Civil Disobedience
• It Would Take Awhile

What about the Rest of Asia?
102
China
Would China Go the Way of Africa and India?
103

• Who Opened
• China?
• What Dynasty
• Ruled China?
• (Manchu Dynasty)
• What Was It Like
• by Mid-1800?
• Corruption, Unrest,
• Shortages, a Pop.
• Explosion!
• What Happens to
• Bad Ch. Dynasties?

China
104
W h a t I n t e n s i f i e d C h i n a ' s
P r o b l e m s w i t h t h e E u r o p e
a n s ?

• Why Was So Much of Europes
• Money Leaving Europe?
• What to Do About It?

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Whats Happening in this Picture?
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What Does the Cartoon Suggest?
What Course of Action to Take?
107

• 1800 China Banned Opium
• Hardly Enforced, However
• Letter to Queen Victoria
• 1839 Destroyed
• GBs Supply!
• Response the
• Opium Wars
• Self-Strengthening

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(No Transcript)
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Signing the Treaty of Nanjing - 1842
110

• Treaty of Nanjings Provisions

• Opened Several Ports
• Ceded Hong Kong to GB
• Extraterritoriality Granted
• Indemnity Made China Pay

• Treaty of Tianjin Ended the
• Second Opium War
• Treaties Began Chinas Century
• of Humiliation

111
Taiping Rebellion Led by Hong Xinquan
112

• Impact?
• 20 Million Killed!
• Internal Divisions
• By Late 19th Century
• Sino-Japanese War
• Lost Korea, Formosa
• Outsiders Carving
• Spheres of Influence
• Again, Divided
• Open Door Policy
• Boxer Rebellion

China
113
Dowager Empress Cixi
A Boxer (Ready to Rebel?)
114
What Does This Imply about Western Imperialism
in China?
Aftermath of the Rebellion?
115

• Rise of
• Chinese
• Nationalism
• What Did
• Nationalists
• Want?
• Who Led the
• Movement?

116

• Guomintang Party
• 1911 Manchus Out!
• 1912 Est. Republic
• Growing Pains
• By 1920 2 Forces
• Nationalism and
• Communism
• Stay Tuned

Dr. Sun Yat-sen Revive China Society
117
Japan

• Background
• Who Governed Japan?
• Tokugawa Shogunate

118

• 1603-1868
• Feudalism
• Then
• Who Opened
• Japan?

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Matthew Perry and His Black Ships
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Opening Japan
121

• Treaty of Kanagawa
• Opened Ports
• Extraterritoriality
• Most Favored Nation

122

• How to Respond?
• Samurai Revolt
• Meiji Restoration (1868)

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• Meiji Restoration
• Emperor Matsuhito
• What Next?

124
Modernization

• Charter Oath
• Whose Model?
• Zaibatsu Economy
• Shidehara Diplomacy
• Then, Imperialism
• Sino-Japanese War

125
Russo-Japanese War
126

• Arbitrated by
• T. Roosevelt
• Afterwards?
• Did the West
• View Japan as
• an Equal?
• What Would
• Japan Do
• about It?

Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)
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(No Transcript)
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Our Last Stop
Latin America

• Recall from Our Last Unit
• When Did Nationalism Hit?

129
Santa Anna
Iturbide
Often Ruled by Caudillos
130

• Benito Juarez
• Victory over the French
• Celebrated on

131

• Afterwards
• Growing Pains
• Pol, Eco, Soc
• Problems and
• U.S. Presence

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• Recall the Monroe Doctrine?
• When Did the U.S. Become an
• Imperialist Nation?
• Spanish-American War (1898)
• By WWI
• Why Were We Interested?

• Pride?
• Money?
• Etc

134
USA

• A ship of ours called the USS Maine blew up in a
  Spanish harbor in Cuba Spanish-American War

135
USA

• We won and received Spanish territory in the
  Caribbean and the Pacific
• Caribbean Puerto Rico, Cuba
• Pacific Philippines, Guam

136
USA

• US led by sugar planter Sanford Dole also took
  Hawaii from Queen Liliuokalani
• We did this because we needed a naval base in the
  Pacific and cheap sugar

137
How Were We Viewed?

• Roosevelt Corollary
• Gunboat Diplomacy

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and T. Roosevelt Is Remembered
for Building the Panama Canal
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It Opened in 1914
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Impact of Imperialism?
More Positive?
More Negative?
Take Out a Sheet of Paper Divide It Like This
145
Positive on Europe
Positive on Other Nations
Negative on Europe
Negative on Other Nations
146
That's All, Folks
147
Cant Wait For That Test!!
And the Review Quiz
148
Motives

• National Pride
• Economic Self-Sufficiency
• Social Motives

• Surplus Population
• Missionary Zeal
• Social Darwinism
• White Mans Burden

149
Some Key Terms

• Colony
• Protectorate
• Condominium
• Concession
• Sphere of Influence

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Implication?
151
Implication?
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Imperialism in Africa
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North
Africa
East
West

• Why Interested?
• Who (Major Players)?
• How Dominated?
• Impact?

Central
South
154
Battle of Omdurman
155
(No Transcript)
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Dutch vs. British
Boer War
157
(No Transcript)
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Would Asia Go the Way of Africa?
159
An Empire in Decline
160

• Who?
• What?
• How?
• Impact?

Key Events

• Calcutta
• 7 Years War
• Sepoy Mutiny

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The Sepoy Mutiny
162
Key Events

• European Interest
• Opium Wars

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(No Transcript)
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Aftermath

• Treaty of Nanjing
• Treaty of Tianjin
• To Modernize or Not?
• Taiping Rebellion

165
Taiping Rebellion Leaders
166

• Taiping Rebellions
• Impact?
• Late 19th Century
• Open Door Policy
• Chinese Reaction

China
167
(No Transcript)
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Dowager Empress Cixi
A Boxer
169

• Guomintang
• 1912 - Republic
• Growing Pains

Dr. Sun Yat-sen
170
Elsewhere...
171
Japan

• Background
• Tokugawa Shogunate
• Problems?
• Perrys Visit - 1853

172
Matthew Perry and His Black Ships
173
Opening Japan
174
Key Events

• U.S. Opens Japan (1853)
• Treaty of Kanagawa
• Meiji Restoration
• Charter Oath
• Modernization
• Sino-Japanese War
• Russo-Japanese War
• Treaty of Portsmouth
• Aftermath

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(No Transcript)
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Imperialism in S. Asia
177
Imperialism in the S. Pacific
178
Latin America
179

• Background
• Growing Pains
• U.S. Presence
• Sp-Am War
• Aftermath

180
An American Lake?
181
Wielding the Big Stick
Roosevelt Corollary
182
Building the Panama Canal
183
(No Transcript)
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It Opened in 1914
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Foreign Policy Goals based on Social Darwinism

• 1. National Security - self defense
• 2. Trade - Promotion of world trade and to better
  our economic opportunities at home
• markets - resources - places to
  invest
• 3. Nationalism - pride in your country - the
  desire to spread our ideas around the world
• A sense of mission in encouraging
  freedom around the world and
• promoting "self government" -
  democracy
• promoting capitalism
• promoting Protestant Christianity
  - missionary work
• 4. Social Gospel - "do the right thing"!
• Altruism - Humanitarianism -
  Morality
• 5. Image - Improving our image at home and abroad
  
• Those goals had to be weighed against the
  cost in terms of money and lives

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188
"Cornerstones" of Isolation - Early U.S. Foreign
Policy (Before 1898)

• Isolation - not making permanent commitments
  with foreign countries
• wish to be left alone and to leave
  others alone
• George Washington's Farewell Address (1797)
• Further U.S. trade
• Avoid "entangling alliances
• (permanent) temporary ones for expediency ok
• Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• Warning to Europe to stay out of
  western hemisphere! !
• We promised to stay out of the rest of
  the world
• England - 1
• decided to work with us instead of
  against us (trade possibilities)

189
Trade-Related Foreign Policy - Prior to Civil War

• 1. China
• GB exposed weakness of China in the Opium Wars
• (ended in 1842) they acquired Hong Kong
• Caleb Cushing - 1844 - opened trade with the
  largest market in the world
• Treaty of Wanghia - opened 5 ports
  
• "most favored nation" status
• "extraterritoriality"
• By 1890's, lots of trade and missionary activity
• Was this a good decision on bad decision? Use
  goals to evaluate.

190
Trade-Related Foreign Policy - Prior to Civil War

• 2. Japan
• Commodore Matthew Perry - 1854
• used intimidation to force trade
• "Black ships" (black smoke)
• "toys" of the Industrial Revolution
• Treaty of Kanagawa (1858)
• opened 2 ports (for their own good)
• established "most favored nation" status for U.S.
  
• Japanese later erected a statue of Perry in
  Japan
• Was this a good decision or bad decision? Use
  goals to evaluate.