Weighting

1
  E. Dimitriu1, M. Cernea2, F. Craciun 3,
and R. Ramer4  1 RD National Institute for
Materials Physics, Bucharest-Magurele,
Romania 2MADIREL, Université de Provence / CNRS,
Centre de St. Jérôme, 13397,Marseille,
France 3CNR Instituto di Acustica, Area di
Ricerca Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy 4 School of
Electrical Engineering, University of South
Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
The influence of lead content on the
microstructure and piezoelectric properties of
PZT-type ceramics
MATERIALS COMPOSITION Non stoichiometric
compounds (PZT-NL) PbZr0.51Ti0.463Nb0.02Li0.007O3
1 PbO (S1) PbZr0.51Ti0.463Nb0.02Li0.007O3
2 PbO (S2) PbZr0.51Ti0.463Nb0.02Li0.007O3
1 PbO (S3) PbZr0.51Ti0.463Nb0.02Li0.007O3
2 PbO (S4)
MICROSTRUCTURES
SEM images
CERAMICS PREPARATION
PZT-NL 1 PbO
PZT-NL 2 PbO
PZT-NL 1 PbO
PZT-NL 2 PbO
Back Scattering Electrons (BSE)
Weighting
Energy Dispersion X-ray Analyser (EDAX) results
Mixing the oxidic materials of 99 purity in a
planetary mill, in agate vessels, in methanol,
for 2h
Calcining the dried mixture at 900oC for 2h
BSE images for the material PZT-NL 1 PbO
Milling the calcined product in methanol for 2h
Pressing the sieved materials as discs with 10mm
diameter and 1mm thickness
Sintering the samples at temperatures 1275oC
1300oC 1325oC
Nickel chemical deposition of electrodes
Poling
The concentration of the elements for the
material PZT-NL 1 PbO (EDAX measurements)
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
XRD RESULTS
PZT-NL 1 PbO
Relative dielectric constant, ?r vs. PbO
concentration
Electromechanical coupling factor kP vs. PbO
concentration
PZT-NL 2 PbO

• CONCLUSIONS
• Non-stoichiometric materials with variable
  content in PbO are prepared by ceramic technique
• The size of the crystallites is not significant
  changed with variable content in PbO
• The disturbed phase PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 is present
  in all samples
• - The relative dielectric constants and the
  electromechanical coupling factor kP are
  functions of sintering temperature and lead oxide
  concentration

PZT-NL 1 PbO
PZT-NL 2 PbO
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS POLECER Network and Romanian
National Program CERES for the financial support
The red lines represent the phase
PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 with the parameters ab4.036
Å c4.1460 Å V67.5354 Å3