Resource use efficiency of Cassava Farmers: Experience of India'

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Resource use efficiency of Cassava Farmers
Experience of India.
T.SRINIVAS, V.S.SANTHOSH MITHRA AND S.RAMANATHAN
Central Tuber Crops Research Institute,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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INTRODUCTION

• Cassava, a crop of weaker sections of the
  farming community (Marginal and small).

• Operating under resource scarce and risk prone
  production systems globally

• Optimum utilisation of resources by resource poor
  farmers is the prime factor influencing the
  productivity of the crop.

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OBJECTIVES

• To evaluate resource productivity, returns to
  scale and resource use efficiency in Cassava
  farms under different production systems in India.

• To suggest suitable adjustments in resource use
  for increasing the productivity of Cassava under
  different production systems in India.

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Methodology

• Purposive and multistage random sampling
  technique.

• Study covers
• Low land and Up land production systems in
  Kerala.
• Irrigated and rainfed production systems in
  Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

• Data collected using well structured and pre
  tested interview schedules.

• Study pertains to the agricultural year
  1999-2000.

• Cobb-Douglas production function was fitted.
• Y a X1b1X2b2..Xnbn

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Methodology
Variables included in the study are

• Gross returns in rupees per ha.

• Farm size in acres

• Human labour in rupees per ha.

• Planting material in rupees per ha.

• Nitrogenous fertlisers in rupees per ha.

• Phosphatic fertilisers in rupees per ha.

• Potassic fertilisers in rupees per ha.

• NPK fertlisers in rupees per ha.

• Manures in rupees per ha.

• Machine labour in rupees per ha.

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Major Cassava Growing States in
India (1999-2000) State Area
Production Production system
(ha) (t) Kerala
111922 2531752
Low Land, Upland Tamil Nadu 85322
3266410 Irrigated, Rainfed Andhra
Pradesh 25000 275000
Irrigated, Rainfed
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Production Elasticities of Cassava under Upland
production system in Kerala.
Particulars Production Elasticities
Standard Error Constant 9.6674
2.0646 Farm Size -0.0234 0.0410 Human
Labour -0.0283 0.0600 Phosphatic
Fertilisers -0.0702 0.1638 Potassic
Fertilisers -0.0772 0.1409 NPK

0.2010 0.3974
Returns to Scale -0.1846
R2 0.9255 F
29.51
Nitrogenous Fertilisers
-0.5681 0.1743
Manures 0.4750 0.1529
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Production Elasticities of Cassava under Rainfed
production system in Tamil Nadu.
Particulars Production Elasticities
Standard Error Constant 5.9900
0.7771 Farm Size 0.0201 0.0224 Human
Labour 0.0518 0.0649 Phosphatic
Fertilisers 0.0812 0.0423 Potassic
Fertilisers 0.0047 0.0344 Manures
----- Machine Labour -----
Returns to Scale 0.6847
R2 0.9550 F
63.73
Planting material 0.7148 0.0819
Nitrogenous Fertilisers -0.2514
0.0481
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Production Elasticities of Cassava under Rainfed
production system in Andhra Pradesh.
Particulars Production
Elasticities Constant 15.0910
(0.8984) Farm Size -0.0347 (0.0282) Human
Labour -0.0916 (0.0788) Potassic
Fertilisers -0.0051 (0.0345) Manures
0.0279 (0.0767) Machine Labour
-0.0593 (0.0821) Returns to Scale
-0.9189 R2 0.8946 F 11.32
Planting material -0.1085 (0.0385)
Nitrogenous Fertilisers -0.8337
(0.1217) Phosphatic Fertilisers
0.0756 (0.0354)
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Production Elasticities of Cassava under Low Land
production system in Kerala.
Particulars Production
Elasticities Constant 4.2072 Farm Size
0.0011 (0.0308) Human Labour 0.0065
(0.0539) Nitrogenous Fertilisers
-0.0051 (0.0289) Manures
-0.0024 (0.0284) Returns to Scale
1.1433 R2 0.8863 F 21.16
Phosphatic Fertilisers 0.5795
(0.1179) Potassic Fertilisers 0.5218
(0.1237)
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Production Elasticities of Cassava under
Irrigated production system in Tamil Nadu.
Particulars Production
Elasticities Constant 7.7160 Farm Size
-0.0086 (0.0614) Nitrogenous Fertilisers
-0.0707 (0.0644) Phosphatic
Fertilisers -0.0068
(0.1043) Potassic Fertilisers
-0.0320 (0.0988) Returns to Scale
0.4357 R2 0.8057 F 11.41
Human Labour -0.5552 (0.1582)
Planting Material 0.2167 (0.0893)
Manures 0.9414 (0.1443)
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Marginal Value Product (MVP), Opportunity Cost
(OC) and ratio of MVP and OC of Cassava under
Upland production system in Kerala.
Factors MVP
OC MVP/ OC Farm Size
-1444.89 1662.00 -0.8694 Human
Labour -0.1275 1.00
-0.1275 Nitrogenous Fertilisers -60.7384
1.00 -60.7384
Phosphatic Fertilisers -4.4347
1.00 -4.4347 Potassic Fertilisers
-8.8318 1.00 -8.8318 NPK
5.3238 1.00
5.3238 Manures
7.6094 1.00 7.6094

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Marginal Value Product (MVP), Opportunity Cost
(OC) and ratio of MVP and OC of Cassava under
rainfed production system in Tamil Nadu
Factors MVP
OC MVP/ OC Farm Size
133.3526 3500.00 0.0381 Human
Labour 0.1569 1.00
0.1569 Planting Material 37.1507
1.00 37.1507 Nitrogenous
Fertilisers -16.1299 1.00
-16.1299 Phosphatic Fertilisers
2.8200 1.00
2.8200 Potassic Fertilisers 0.1363
1.00 0.1363 Manures
7.6094 1.00
7.6094
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Marginal Value Product (MVP), Opportunity Cost
(OC) and ratio of MVP and OC of Cassava under
rainfed production system in Andhra Pradesh
Factors MVP
OC MVP/ OC Farm Size
-69.9970 2068.00 -0.0338 Human
Labour -0.3222 1.00
-0.3222 Planting Material -4.0822
1.00 -4.0822 Nitrogenous
Fertilisers -28.3530 1.00
-28.3530 Phosphatic Fertilisers
2.6598 1.00
2.6598 Potassic Fertilisers -0.2419
1.00 -0.2419 Manures
0.3553 1.00
0.3553 Machine Labour -1.3742
1.00 -1.3742
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Marginal Value Product (MVP), Opportunity Cost
(OC) and ratio of MVP and OC of Cassava under
Low land production system in Kerala
Factors MVP
OC MVP/ OC Farm Size
65.1304 9702.00 0.0067 Human
Labour 0.0283 1.00
0.0283 Nitrogenous Fertilisers -0.5205
1.00 -0.5205
Phosphatic Fertilisers 82.3671
1.00 82.3671 Potassic Fertilisers
54.4126 1.00 54.4126 Manures
-0.0503
1.00 -0.0503
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Marginal Value Product (MVP), Opportunity Cost
(OC) and ratio of MVP and OC of Cassava under
Irrigated production system in Tamil Nadu
Factors MVP
OC MVP/ OC Farm Size
-96.7648 4255.00 -0.0227 Human
Labour -1.3298 1.00
-1.3298 Planting Material
9.8679 1.00
9.8679 Nitrogenous Fertilisers -6.3635
1.00 -6.3635 Phosphatic
Fertilisers -0.3929 1.00
-0.3929 Potassic Fertilisers
-1.0409 1.00
-1.0409 Manures
17.2561 1.00 17.2561
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Conclusions

• Decreasing and increasing returns to scale
  irrespective of the size of the farm.

• Imbalanced fertiliser use in Cassava.
• Excessive use of nitrogenous fertlisers and scope
  for using more of potassic and phosphatic
  fertlisers.

• Underutilisation of human labour resource.

• Scope for introducing new varieties of planting
  material.

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