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Animal Digestion

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Depends on stomach size & rate of metabolism. Stomach size is relavant ... Antioxidants: prevent feed from getting rancid. Pellet Binders: keep in pellet form ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Animal Digestion


1
Animal Digestion
  • Chapter 2

2
What are Nutrients?
  • parts of food which provide for growth,
    maintenance, body functions
  • Carbohydrates (CHO)
  • Fats
  • Proteins
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Water

3
What is a Ruminant?
  • Animals with more than one stomach
  • Chew their cud (re-chew food)
  • Cows, sheep, goats
  • Cows have one stomach with 4 compartments.

4
NonRuminants
  • Foragers Horse, rabbit
  • NonForagers pig, poultry

5
How much to feed?
  • Depends on function of animal
  • Pregnant, Lactating, Working, Growing
  • How often to feed
  • Depends on stomach size rate of
    metabolism
  • Stomach size is relavant to amount of feed
    fed
  • Mink 4-6 times/day, Cows 1-2 /day

6
What foods give energy?
  • Carbohydrates (starch cellulose) Fats
  • Fat 2 1/2 times energy of CHO
  • Energy is major part of a feed ration
  • Up to 90 of a ration for a steer
  • Measured in Kilocalories or TDN (Total Digestible
    Nutrients)

7
What are Proteins?
  • Used to build muscle, body tissue
  • Made of amino acids
  • Ruminants can make some proteins
  • Simple Stomachs need specific amino acids

8
What are Minerals?
  • Natural elements which regulate certain body
    functions
  • Na, Ca, P, Fe, Cu, K, Mn, Mg, Zn, Mo, Se, I, Co
  • Most are trace minerals

9
What are vitamins?
  • Compounds responsible for certain functions
  • Fat Soluable A, D, E, K
  • Water Soluable B, C

10
What are additives?
  • Antibiotics disease prevention
  • Coccidiostats control parasites
  • Xanthophyll makes egg yolks yellow
  • Hormones increase growth
  • Tranquilizers calm nerves (cattle, turkeys)
  • Antioxidants prevent feed from getting rancid
  • Pellet Binders keep in pellet form
  • Flavoring Agents make taste better

11
Livestock Feeding
  • Roughage high fiber, low energy
  • Concentrate low fiber, high energy

12
How is a ration balanced?
  • Pearson square balance a ration using any two
    ingredients for one nutrient
  • How much Soybean Meal (44 Protein) should be
    mixed with Barley (13 Protein) to get a mixture
    that is 16 protein?

13
Pearson Square
14
Pearson Square
  • Soybean Meal 3 parts
  • Barley 28 parts
  • Total Parts 31
  • Soybean Meal 3/31 or 10
  • Barley 28/31 or 90
  • If mixing a ton (2000) SBM 200, Barley 1800

15
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