Water Supply Sector Overview

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Water Supply - Sector Overview
Drinking water security in Rural India Sanitation
for all by 2012
Conference of Chief Secretaries April 22, 2008
Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water
Mission Department of Drinking Water Supply
Ministry of Rural Development Government of India
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Bharat Nirman Programme


Focused Strategy for full coverage of all rural
habitations by 2009, estimated as follows
55,067 Uncovered habitations Address and
revive 3.31 lakh slipped back habitations
Address problems of water quality in
2,16,968 habitations
Slipped back due to lower and lower availability
of ground water


Fluoride Problems 20,190 habitations in 17 States
affected About 66 million people at risk Fluoride
entering into food chain
Arsenic Problems States affected West Bengal,
Bihar, UP, Jharkhand, Assam, Tripura and
Chattisgarh 16 Million people at risk

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Bharat Nirman - Achievement
The differences in the balance habitations are
due to the fact some of the States reported
increase in number of quality affected
habitations as well as some habitations have
become depopulated/ shifted during the course of
implementation
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Bharat Nirman - Performance
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Issues in rural drinking water

• Some of the States are unable to provide the
  matching State share, which affects the release
  of central funds.
• Excess OB warrants cut in second installment of
  funds. This has to be taken care of. This pattern
  of having excess OB is not desirable.
• Upto 15 of ARWSP funds released to States could
  be spent on OM expenses.
• Delay in transfer of funds from State Government
  to implementing agencies should be reduced for
  timely implementation of projects.
• On-line MIS has been installed on the
  Departmental website at www.ddws.gov.in. States
  to take urgent action for updating the records
  and list of habitations regularly.

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Issues in rural drinking water

• National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring
  Surveillance Programme aims at the community
  testing their own drinking water sources using
  simple field test kits. Training of 5 grass root
  level workers, block and district officials and
  distribution of field test kits should be
  completed by June 2008.
• It has been decided that from April 2008, on-line
  reports as updated in the IMIS of the Department
  will be considered for all purposes including
  release of funds under ARWSP. Yearly Status
  Reports of habitations as on 1.4.2008 updated.
• All the rural schools were to be provided
  drinking water facilities by March, 2008.

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Tackling Quality Problems

• Most arsenic affected habitations have been
  addressed
• About 10,000 fluoride affected habitations
  remaining to be tackled
• Salinity (about 8,000), Iron (about 90,000),
  Nitrate (18,000) affected habitations required to
  be tackled in the last year of Bharat Nirman
• Fluoride to be controlled through alternate
  sources and dilution by rain water harvesting
• Iron to be tackled through low-cost terra cotta
  filters developed by Institute of Minerals and
  Materials Technology (IMMT), Bhubaneshwar CSIR
  Institute
• Salinity Nitrate to be tackled through dilution
  and catchment protection measures
• For Salinity and Iron tackling, linkages with
  research institutions such as IMMT Bhubaneshwar,
  BARC Mumbai, CSMCRI, Bhavnagar etc established.
• For school water supply, scheme for stand-alone
  purification systems has been approved.
  Operationalization of the scheme is under process.

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Challenges in Water Sector

• Sustainability of drinking water sources - A
  large number of habitations slipped back due to
  reasons like depleting ground water, system
  out-living the design period, increasing
  population, deterioration of water quality, etc.
  
• Unless Sustained availability of water is
  ensured, use of any technology including Stand
  alone systems will not be feasible for providing
  safe drinking water at all times.
• Treatment techniques whether solving the
  problem or increasing ? (entering into food chain
  and environment through disposal of untreated
  sludge)
• Ensuring potability of water at the consumption
  point Generally safe upto Production/ Supply
  point. The issue of polishing water at the
  consumption point has to be addressed, especially
  for bacteriological contamination.

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Key to Rural Drinking Water Security - 3

• Incentivize and reward sustainable water supply
  schemes, Sajal Gram Puraskar - Bringing emphasis
  back to PRIs as has been achieved by Nirmal Gram
  Puraskar in raising Sanitation coverage from 22
  to 50 in 3 years
• Link to Sanitation, clean village, solid liquid
  waste management, recycling of used water as part
  of sustainable water supply system.
• Focus on convergence of resources and investments
  schemes, NRHM, NREGS, Integrated Wasteland
  Development Programme, Hariyali, National
  Afforestation Programme, National Project for
  Repair, Restoration and Renovation of Water
  Bodies, River Valley project Flood Prone River
  Programme, Twelfth Finance Commission, Backward
  Regions Grant Funds, ARWSP, TSC
• Updation of data collection, information
  habitation-wise on status of drinking water
  supply to be concurrent and web-based information
  system on water budgeting, supply-demand
  management at habitation level

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Need for Paradigm Shift for Rural drinking water
sources
Present Scenario
Desired Future Scenario
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Recharge Structures constructed by various
State Governments

Recharge shaft
Check Dam
Gabion structure
Sub-surface Dyke
Finger Dyke
Farm pond
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Point source Recharging systems
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Ground water recharge through percolation pit
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Point source Recharge Structures constructed by
various State Governments

Defunct borewell converted into Recharge pit
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Case Study-1 Gujarat

• Creation of WASMO Involvement of NGOs like KMVS
  for arriving at Drinking water security plans
  for every habitation.
• Macro and Micro level sustainability initiatives
  (drinking water grid, interlinking of river,
  recharge of ponds/well, RWH, check dams,
  de-silting, etc
• Impact (examples)
• Water level rise observed in monitored open
  wells after implementation of WRM in Kutch was in
  the range of about 3 to 9 meters and about 2 to
  23 meters in case of tube wells. Dilution in TDS
  was observed to the tune of 200 to 1500 ppm

• In Kaswali village of Surendranagar district
  with 88 Household and one drinking water source
  yield very little water in dry season. Women used
  to walk 2 kms to a farm bore. Now All 188
  households have Individual 10000 liters tanka
  which gets filled in rain enough for 4 months.
  Once filled through tanker in a season

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Rainwater harvesting

• 100 mm rain falling on 1 ha of land means 1
  million litres of water.
• There is no village in India which cannot meet
  its drinking water
• needs through its own rainwater endowment.
• Rooftop water harvesting solutions with extensive
  use for 2-4 months in year at least to ease the
  pressure on ground water
• community
• Individual
• organizations

COLLECTION OF RAINWATER USING POLYTHENE SHEETS
OVER THATCHED ROOFS
Rainfall in the country reportedly varies from
100mm to 11,000mm, with an average of 1150mm. As
such, even if rainfall is heavily concentrated,
technically, enough rainfall to meet drinking
water needs.
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Rooftop Rainwater harvesting

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Case Study 7 Karnataka
A combination of Individual Rooftop Rainwater
Harvesting structures and ground water recharge
structures have been addressed to tackle fluoride
problems in Kolar, Gadag and Tumkur district.
Services of M/s BAIF is taken in
implementation. Contribution by APL 30 and BPL
20 Impact Improved clean water availability,
programme wise better acceptance, expecting to
bring down cases of dental fluorosis
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Case Study - 8 Kerala Back-washing of
Contaminated wells with roof-top rainwater
harvesting and phyto-remediation of ponds reduced
contamination levels
The well of Ms Chinnamma Chacko, unused for the
last thirty years turns clear after backwashing
Phyto-remediation for treatment of surface water
bodies and dilution using roof-top rainwater
harvesting
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Case Study 9 Maharashtra
Continuous Contour Percolation Trench ( Osmanabad
)
Unconventional Measures to strengthen drinking
water sources, hydrofracturing to rejuvenate Poor
Yielding borewells Focus on user education,
fixation of observation wells for water level and
water quality monitoring, preparation of
hydrograph, involvement of the stake holders in
supply augmentation and demand management
interventions, and self regulation Impact
Reduction in drinking water scarcity conditions.
Enhanced utility of poor yielding borewells under
RWS. Sustained water supply.
(Before Rainfall)
(During Rainfall)
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Cost-effective local technology for iron and
biological contamination using terra-cota filters

Iron sludge could be safely scraped and sold for
making paints
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Stand alone drinking water purification systems
for Rural Schools

• Honble Finance Minister in his Budget speech-
  2008 has announced a special package of Rs 200
  crore for providing Stand-alone treatment systems
  to provide safe drinking water at the consumption
  point using simple technologies, in rural schools
  where the drinking water quality is highly
  contaminated either with chemical or biological
  contamination.
• All the State Governments and UTs have been
  requested to provide basic data by 30th April
  2008 on existing water supply arrangements in
  rural schools and prioritize such schools which
  have water quality problems

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Rural SanitationTotal Sanitation Campaign
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IHHL Coverage Status 53.53

• Uttar Pradesh 58.43
• Arunachal Pradesh 58.69
• Goa 58.87
• Andhra Pradesh 60.56
• Delhi 62.89
• Assam 64.54
• Chandigarh 68.53
• Tamilnadu 76.06
• Nagaland 76.14
• Haryana 78.49
• Manipur 79.25
• West Bengal 84.24
• Lakshawdeep 93.14
• Kerala 100.00
• Mizoram 100.00
• Sikkim 100.00
• Tripura 100.00

• D N Haveli 17.44
• Bihar 20.42
• Jharkhand 20.67
• Pondicherry 23.85
• Chattisgarh 30.29
• Rajasthan 31.15
• Daman Diu 32.02
• Orissa 33.60
• Madhya Pradesh 34.52
• Karnataka 38.50
• A N Island 42.33
• Meghalaya 47.33
• Uttaranchal 51.20
• Jammu Kashmir 53.36
• Punjab 54.25
• Himachal Pradesh 54.34
• Gujarat 54.51
• Maharashtra 55.15

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School Coverage Status 49.06

• Arunachal Pradesh 39.02
• Chattisgarh 46.68
• Orissa 46.55
• Rajasthan 55.23
• Madhya Pradesh 57.19
• Andhra Pradesh 58.05
• Jharkhand 59.98
• Kerala 69.92
• Tripura 72.32
• Maharashtra 83.49
• Tamilnadu 84.98
• Gujarat 90.96
• Karnataka 99.41
• Mizoram 100.00
• Haryana 100.00
• Pondicherry 100.00
• Sikkim 100.00

• A N Island NR
• Chandigarh NR
• Daman Diu NR
• D N Haveli NR
• Delhi NR
• Lakshawdeep NR
• Manipur 6.86
• Assam 7.88
• Nagaland 12.01
• Meghalaya 12.09
• Goa 13.82
• Uttaranchal 21.92
• Himachal Pradesh 25.87
• Jammu Kashmir 26.71
• West Bengal 31.00
• Bihar 31.16
• Punjab 32.57
• Uttar Pradesh 37.04

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Issues in Sanitation and TSC

• Promotion of low cost, affordable toilets for
  individual households
• Focus on waste management solid liquid
• Focus on greater involvement of women
• Women trained as masons
• SHG to take up sanitary services pan
  production, sanitary pads
• Menstrual hygiene for adolescent girls
• Focus on covering all Schools and Anganwadis.
  Provide separate units for girls in co-ed schools
• Cover complete villages avail of NGP
• Promotion of Ecosan toilets in low water, high
  water table areas

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OPTIONS FOR HOUSEHOLD TOILET-The part below the
ground remains the same
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Women in SanitationManufacturing sanitation
services
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Women in Sanitation

• Addressing sanitation needs of women
• Providing Sanitary services is an important
  income generating activity for women SHGs
• School sanitation to reach children and
  adolescent girls
• Simple low cost incinerators to dispose sanitary
  napkins in schools, sanitary complexes and in
  villages

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Women in Sanitation -Napkin Production
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Catching them young -Sanitation in Child Care
Centers

• Baby friendly toilets in all child care centers
  in rural India by 2009
• Target of 4,23,056 toilets for Child centers
• 1,85,872 already completed (44)

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Catching them Young -School Toilets

• Target to cover all rural schools by 2008
• Targeted number 11,77,193
• Linkage established with Sarva Sikhsha Abhiyan
  countrywide programme for primary education
• Presently 73 of schools have atleast one toilet.

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Special focus on GirlsSeparate units with
special designs
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Sustainable solid waste management

• Segregation of waste
• Composting
• Recycling

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Biogas linked toilets for energy sustainability

• Safe disposal of excreta
• Energy for cooking
• Returns nutrient to the earth enriched manure
• Sustainable eco friendly solution Better health
• No cultural stigma

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Sustainable liquid waste management

• Using natural systems for aerating waste water
• Recycling waste water for horticulture and
  agriculture

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Total Sanitation - Nirmal Gram Puraskar

• States performing well
• Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka,
  Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar
  Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal
• States that need accelerate
• Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhatisgarh,
  Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh,
  Mizoram, Orissa, Rajasthan, Sikkim
• States with no NGP awarded yet
• Goa, Jammu Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya,
  Nagaland, Punjab, All UTs

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2008 is International Year of Sanitation

• States to take up
• State level competitions for Best toilet, best
  teacher, Best NGO
• State wise exhibition for sustainable sanitation
• Regional Conferences
• Increasing participation of youth groups
• Media campaign to focus on health, sanitation
  Water
• Participation in SACOSAN III Conference

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SACOSAN III in November 2008

• SACOSAN-I, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2003.
• SACOSAN-II, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2006
• SACOSAN-III, New Delhi, India 2008
• Theme - Sanitation for Dignity And Health.
• Will showcase good works of States
• State performance Reports to be presented
• Organize visits in State for international
  delegates
• Showcase issues of sustainable sanitation
• Showcase gender issues in Sanitation
• Showcase diverse sanitation systems adopted by
  each State

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Increased Budget for Rural Drinking Water
Sanitation in 2008-09

• 2007-08 Rs.7460 crore (RE).
• 2008-09 Rs.8500 crore.
• Increased availability of funds require States
  according highest priority to the sector and
  immediate galvanization of all resources for
  effective absorption and expenditure on safe,
  sustainable Drinking Water and Sanitation
  Projects.
• Chief Secretaries may kindly monitor
• All aspects of Rural Drinking Water Supply
  projects with special reference to sustainability
  of systems and sources.
• All aspects of TSC in rural areas including
  progress under Solid Liquid Waste Management
  and number of NGP awardees.
• THANK YOU