HYDERABAD SOURCE APPORTIONMENT STUDY

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HYDERABAD SOURCE APPORTIONMENT STUDY

• Alan Gertler1, Judy Chow1, Johann Engelbrecht1,
  Collin Green2, Sarath Guttikunda3, Ramani
  Koppaka4, Dasari Prasad4, Monisha Shah2, and
  Katherine Sibold5
• 1Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, US
• 2National Renewable Energy Laboratory,
  Washington, DC, US
• 3The World Bank, Washington, DC, US
• 4Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board,
  Hyderabad, India
• 5US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
  DC, US

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Presentation Outline

• Objectives
• Sampling locations
• Sampling and analytical methods
• Results
• Mass
• Source apportionment
• Summary and conclusions

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Study Objectives

• Determine the major sources contributing to
  elevated levels of PM10 and PM2.5
• Improve and validate the existing emissions
  inventory
• Train and build capacity in source apportionment
  analysis and application
• Strengthen local environmental management and
  decision making capacity
• Support industrial and transportation measures
  that integrate cleaner energy technologies with
  environmental management techniques
• Provide data to support integrated policies to
  reduce both PM and green house gas emissions

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Sampling Sites (1)

• Punjagutta (residential and commercial)
• Chikkadpally (residential and commercial)
• Hyderabad Central University (upwind/background)

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Sampling Sites (2)
Chikkadpally
Punjagutta
HCU
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Sampling Dates and Methods

• Sampling period November 12 to December 1, 2005
• Samples collected every other day
• 10 Sampling days
• Airmetrics MiniVol Samplers 5 liters per
  minute, 24-hour sampling periods
• PM10 and PM2.5 pairs of Teflon/quartz fiber
  filters

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Analytical Methods

• Mass
• Cl-, NO3-, SO4 IC
• NH4 AC
• Na, K, Ca, Mg AA
• Metals XRF
• OC/EC TOR

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Results Mass
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CMB Apportionment

• Performs least-squares regression weighted by
  effective variances
• U.S.EPA/DRI Version 8.2 CMB
• Input source profiles and ambient concentrations
• Output Source Contribution Estimates (SCEs)
• Diagnostics Mass, R2, Chi2

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Results Chikkadpally
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Results Punjagutta
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Results HCU
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Mobile Source Contribution (tailpipe)
49 - 58 for PM10, 49 - 56 for PM2.5
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Summary and Conclusions (1)

• Samples were collected at three locations during
  November/December 2005.
• In country scientists performed the field work,
  laboratory anaylses were performed in the US.
• All locations exhibited elevated levels of both
  PM10 and PM2.5, with a maximum average of 160
  µg/m3 PM10 and 86 µg/m3 PM2.5.

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Summary and Conclusions (2)

• Motor vehicles were the major source of the
  observed PM, contributing 49 percent or more to
  both PM10 and PM2.5.
• Other major sources included
• Resuspended soil (likely to originate from
  re-entrainment of paved and unpaved road dust
• Biomass burning
• Coal combustion (likely from cooking sources).
• Based on this work, we can find that residents of
  Hyderabad are exposed to unhealthy levels of PM,
  with motor vehicles being the major source of the
  problem.

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Acknowledgements

• Support for this work was provided by
• Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board
• The World Bank
• U.S. National Renewable Energy Lab
• U.S. EPA