CLASS NO. 13

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CLASS NO. 13

• REVIEW

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BORDER SEARCHES

• Suspicionless searches
• Includes permanent borders expanded borders
• Includes searching international mail Ramsey

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Routine Border Searches

• Questioning and searches of persons, property and
  gas tanks Flores-Montano
• Dog sniffs
• Slash spare tire
• Open door panels

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Non-Routine Border Searches

• More intrusive border searches need more
  suspicion
• Reasonable suspicion
• Examples
• X-ray
• Body cavity search
• Strip searches

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ROVING PATROLS

• Treated as Terry Stops
• Need reasonable suspicion for stop
• (Arvizu Brignoni-Ponce)
• Need p/c to search vehicle (Almeida-Sanchez)

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CONSENT SEARCHES

• No warrant required
• Must be voluntary consent
• Look at totality of the circumstances

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Totality of the Circumstances

• Warnings (not reqd)
• In custody
• Prior knowledge
• How invasive search

• Police tactics
• Reluctance of suspect to consent
• Ds intelligence and education

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Scope of Consent

• Objective reasonableness Fla. v. Jimeno
• - Ds words
• - What reasonable person would interpret scope

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Who can consent?

• Suspect consent
• 3rd Party consent
• Actual authority
• Apparent authority

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TESTILYING

• Credibility decisions are key to consent (and
  other) exceptions
• Why do police lie?
• How to get them to tell the truth?

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WIRETAPS

• Consensual Monitoring
• Not a 4th A. search
• Wiretapping
• Require Title III warrant

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Wiretapping

• Includes many forms of surveillance
• Electronic eavesdropping, hidden surveillance
  cameras, internet eavesdropping
• Wiretap warrants
• Other means tried
• Minimization
• Reporting to court
• Limiting period
• Targeted crimes