Intro to Computing and Programming in C Lab1 Introduction to Computer

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Intro to Computing and Programming in C
Lab1Introduction to Computer

• Demonstrator Kabeer Ahmed
• MCS and MS Telecommunication and Networks

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What is IT?

• Information Technology is the integration of
  computing technology and information processing.
• Applications
• Payroll system in a factory
• Report card system in a school
• Billing system in the Town Gas Company
• Electronic funds transfer system in a bank
• Mailing list system in a company
• Stock control system in a department store
• Ticket reservation system in a cinema
• Point-of-sale system in a supermarket
• Traffic control system in transportation

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Evolution of Computing
No Computers
PCs introduced!
1960s
2001
1950
mid- 1970s
Very expensive computers for large companies.
Computer professionals ran the show.
Powerful PCs on every desktop. Explosion of
applications.
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Data vs. Information
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Hardware Basics
Computer System Components
Peripherals
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Why Use Computers?

• Speed
• Accuracy
• Consistency
• Reliability
• Communications
• Memory

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Electronic Signals
Analog
Digital
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Binary Digits (Bits)
Only 2 states possible
On
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Digitizing Data
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Encoding Systems
A is represented by this bit pattern 1 byte 8
bits (65 in Decimal)
A
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
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PC System Unit
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Motherboard

• Electronic circuit board
• Provides communication among
• Microprocessor
• Memory chips
• Expansion boards
• Bus
• Device controllers

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Intel Processor Progression

• 286, 386, 486
• Pentium
• Pentium Pro
• Pentium II
• Pentium III
• Celeron
• Itanium

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Memory Types
RAM
Cache
ROM
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RAM

• Random Access Memory
• Solid-state electronic circuitry
• Holds current data and programs at a RAM address
• Temporary or volatile storage

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Cache Memory

• Faster and more costly than RAM
• Much smaller capacity than RAM
• Holds next likely instructions
• Increases system throughput

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ROM

• Read Only Memory
• Permanent user cannot change
• Loads Operating System during boot process

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What Happens Inside
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Control Unit
Input Unit
Output Unit
Main memory
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Adding Peripherals
Expansion Slot
Peripheral plugs into port
Pins plug into slot
Courtesy of ATI Technologies Inc.
Expansion Card
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Bus Types

• ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus
• PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect ) bus
• SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) bus
• USB (Universal Serial Bus ) (hot plug)
• AGP (accelerated graphics port) bus

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Ports

• 8 bits at a time
• Fast
• Printers
• Short distances

• 1 bit at a time
• Slow
• Mice/modems
• Long distances

Parallel
Serial

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Round 5-pin connector

• Infrared Light waves
• Printers
• Short distance

Dedicated
IrDA

• High speed
• Buy cable separately

USB
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Adding Peripherals

• Common boards
• AGP (accelerated graphics port)
• Sound
• Data/Voice/Fax modem
• Cable modem
• Other boards
• USB hub
• Network interface card (NIC)
• SCSI interface card
• Video capture card

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Storage Capacity

• Byte - one character
• Kilobyte (KB) - 1024 bytes
• Megabyte (MB) - about 1 million bytes
• Gigabyte (GB) - about 1 billion bytes
• Terabyte (TB) - about 1 trillion bytes