system resource requirements

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chapter11
section IV Development
for the Small Enterprise
Systems Analysis and Design
system resource requirements cost/benefit
analysis project deliverable the design review
session prototyping fundamentals advantages and
disadvantages of prototyping for example the
political research corporation prototyping
step-by-step prototyping with case tools the
cornucopia case portfolio project
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Chapter Objectives

• When you complete this chapter you will be able
  to
• Develop the resource requirements for all six
  components of a computer information system
• Develop a cost/benefit analysis chart
• Prepare a design review document
• Identify the information system design elements
  that are good candidates for prototyping
• Develop a prototype for your project

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System Resource Requirements

• In addition to the obvious hardware and software
  requirements, there are requirements associated
  with data, procedures,personnel, and networking.
• After itemizing the system resource requirements,
  the analyst may need to conduct a formal search
  for products and services to satisfy some of the
  items. There are two widely used approaches to
  this task
• Request for bids
• Request for proposals

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Figure 11-1 Potential Data, People, and
ProcedureResource Needs
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Figure 11-2 System Resource Worksheet
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Billable Software Expense
Thinking
Critically

• Under what circumstances is any or the entire
  CASE tool purchase price billable to your client?
  Given your answer to this question, who owns the
  users license to the CASE tool?

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Figure 11-3 Request for Bids and Proposals
The RFB language specifies a particular brand.
The RFP language does not specify a particular
brand.
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Cost/Benefit Analysis

• Cost/benefit analysis is an activity that plots
  costs and benefits over time to determine if, or
  when, the system becomes economically
  justifiable.
• Costs and benefits can be associated with each of
  the six components of the system.
• Costs and benefits can be tangible or intangible.
• Intangible costs and benefits can be difficult to
  quantify.

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Figure 11-4 System Cost/Benefit Worksheet
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Project Deliverable The Design Review Session
The design review session occurs near the close
of the design phase. It includes an overview of
the new system design and resource requirements,
as well as a description of how the new system
meets the objectives set forth in the project
contract.
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Figure 11-5 Contents of the Design Review Report
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Prototyping Fundamentals
A prototype is a model of a product. During the
later stages of design and early stages of
development analysts often create prototypes of
screen forms, reports, and simple processing
sequences. Prototypes provide a focal point for
continued user/analyst dialog about the new
system.
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Figure 11-6 Prototyping Matrix for
Small-Enterprise Projects
Small-enterprise projects are likely to employ
reusable, input/output and processing prototypes
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Figure 11-7 Design Element Prototypingin
Small-Enterprise Projects
Frequently prototyped
Data Collection for Transaction File Processing
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Figure 11-8 Prototyping Tool Kit
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Prototyping
Reference Figure 11-9 Prototyping Advantages and
Disadvantages
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Rapid Application Development
TECHNOTE 11-1

• Rapid application development (RAD) combines four
  elements already presented as part of the
  enhanced SDLC
• Joint application design
• 4GL product expertise
• CASE tools
• Design-development prototyping

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For Example The Political Research Corporation
The Political Research Corporation (PRC) is an
independent enterprise that designs, distributes,
collects, organizes, and summarizes voter opinion
research questionnaires. To understand how PRC
performs these tasks, study the context diagram,
data flow diagram, system flowchart and output
prototypes in the following slides.
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Figure 11-10 PRC Context Diagram
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Figure 11-11 PRC Data Flow Diagram
Enlarge
Enlarge
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Figure 11-12 PRC System Flowchart
Enlarge
Enlarge
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Figure 11-13 PRC Output Prototypes
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Prototyping Step-by-Step
Reference Figure 11-14 Prototyping Steps
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Prototyping with CASE Tools
Reference Figure 11-15 The Enhanced SDLC and
CASE Tool Scope
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The Cornucopia Case
THE CORNUCOPIA CASE

• The analysts prepare cost projections based on
  the resource requirement specifications and
  future operating costs of the system. Benefit
  projections are based on the goals and objectives
  set forth in the project contract.
• The analysts use the reusable prototype approach
  to design-development because of the projects
  size and the straightforward nature of the system
  design.

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Figure 11-16a Cornucopia Resource
requirementSpecifications
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Figure 11-16b Cornucopia Resource
RequirementSpecifications
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Figure 11-17 Cornucopia System Resource Budget
Surplus
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Figure 11-18 Cornucopia Cost/Benefit Projections
payoff in 33 months
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Figure 11-19 Cornucopia Cost/Benefit Graph
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Figure 11-20 Cornucopia Design Review Session
Slide Show
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Figure 11-21 Cornucopia Users Introduction to
Prototyping
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Figure 11-22 Cornucopia Prototyping Menu Tree
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Figure 11-23 Cornucopia Prototype USD
Sales
Customer Update
Reorder
CD Update
Supplier Update
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Figure 11-24 Cornucopia Switchboard Prototyping
Enlarge
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Figure 11-25 Cornucopia Form Prototyping
Enlarge
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Figure 11-26 Cornucopia Report Prototyping
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Figure 11-27 Cornucopia Project Budget Week 9
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Portfolio Project
Portfolio
project

• Team Assignment 11 Design Review and Prototyping
• Develop resource requirement specifications
• Develop cost/benefit projections, graphs, and
  supporting narratives
• Develop a prototype menu tree and prototype USD
• Develop a prototype of the form sequence required
  to maintain one of the the master files. Prepare
  this GUID as a series of images in a slide show.

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Portfolio Project
Portfolio
project

• Project Deliverable Design Review Session
• Submit a report containing the following items
• Cover letter
• Narrative overview of the new system design
• Models (USD, menu tree)
• Screen designs (switchboard, forms, reports)
• Web site homepage design
• Cost/benefit analysis (projections, graph,
  supportive narrative)
• Project status report
• Project budget

(Continued)
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Portfolio Project
Portfolio
project

• Project Deliverable Design Review Session
• Oral presentation slide show handouts (three
  slides per page)
• Appendix
• Revised DFD and ERD models
• Detailed system flowchart
• Prepare a slide show and the appropriate handouts
  to support a 15-20 minute oral presentation
  covering items b-i.

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Chapter Summary

• Prototyping spans both design and development
• Cost and benefit projections are combined to
  evaluate the project in economic terms
• It is more difficult and costly to change the
  system design from this point forward
• The analyst now assumes more programming (or at
  least 4GL programming) responsibilities

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Figure 11-11 PRC Data Flow Diagram (top)
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Figure 11-11 PRC Data Flow Diagram (bottom)
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Figure 11-12 PRC System Flowchart (bottom)
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Figure 11-12 PRC System Flowchart (top)
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Figure 11-24 Cornucopia Switchboard Prototyping
(top)
To view object properties Select and right click
on the CD Sales button
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Figure 11-25 Cornucopia Form Prototyping (top)
Executes an event procedure to open a report
named CD transaction Sales receipt
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