IT Impact on Public Sector

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IT Impact on Public Sector

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• db_at_chiangmai.edu

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• B.Sc. (Med. Sc.), Chiang Mai University, 1979
• Doctor of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 1981
• Doctor of Philosophy, Emory U, USA, 1989
• Medical Informatics, Stanford U, USA, 1995
• Total Quality Management, TU, Thailand, 2000
• Hospital Accreditation for Top Executives, HA,
  2000
• Medical School Executive, COTMES, Class of 2002
• Information Security Policy, MISTI, USA, 2005

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Management Experience

• Assistant Dean for Medical Informatics, Chiang
  Mai University Faculty of Medicine,1994 - 2002.
• Healthcare Information System Consultant,Ministry
  of Public Health2003 present.

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Areas of Expertise and Interest

• Computer Simulation in Medicine
• Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
• Health Informatics and Medical Informatics

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Professional Associations

• Medical Council of Thailand, 1981
• Physiological Society of Thailand, 1983
• Science Society of Thailand, 1989
• Neurological Society of Thailand,1992
• HL-7, USA, 1989
• International Association of Conference
  Interpreters (AIIC), 2003
• Thai Association of Conference Interpreters, 2003

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• Communication is
• Context sensitive

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A Moment of Contemplation

• What kind of business you are in.
• Competition is every where in every business.
• What you need to do to improve your business
• Picture yourself in the process.
• What do you see?
• Narrow focus loses perspectives.
• Global thinking leads to better local actions.
• Think globally, act locally.

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A Moment of Contemplation

• Add new product/service?
• Commodity products, services, labor and money
• What to add?
• And/or improve existing products/services?
• What to improve?
• How to improve?
• What process is needed?
• What value addition is feasible?

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Current Situations

• OPPORTUNITIES
• Rising competition in various industries
• Lower rates and cheaper commodities and services
• Significant growth of consumers
• Large projects for Government institutions
• Electronic banking projects
• ICT support to capital market (trading of
  securities)
• Mass utilization of smart cards in banking,
  commerce, health, public authorities, education
• Drop in the price of hardware
• Legalization of software
• Domestic production of multimedia contents
• Drop in the prices of Internet access and
  utilization
• Accessibility of multimedia contents through the
  Internet
• Expansion of e-business

• STRENGHTS
• New Government initiatives
• Setting priority to ICT sector
• e-government project
• Information technology education
• Deregulation
• Protection of intellectual property
• Privatization and ICT support to capital market
• Internet in education
• Internet in business
• Reviving industrial production, tourism
• Rise in the purchasing power of population
• Revitalizing scientific and research
  organizations
• Establishing SME

• WEAKNESSES
• Serious lag in the building of information
  society
• Lack of development plans
• Legislation not harmonized with global
  communities
• Drain of educated/trained personnel
• Domestic production lost its technological pace
• Neighboring countries have built better
  technological links
• Neighbors have already initiated infrastructural
  projects
• Scientific and research institutions disoriented
• Inadequate monitoring for business policy
  requirements
• Language barrier in education and industry

• THREATS
• Non-cooperativeness and loss of political and
  economic support
• Insufficient inflow of capital for new
  investments
• Inadequate support to the development of info
  society
• Insufficient investments in ICT
• Failure of e-government project
• Insincere support to deregulation
• Legislation not harmonized with global
  communities
• Merger and Acquisition of major industries

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• THREATS
• Non-cooperativeness and loss of political and
  economic support
• Insufficient inflow of capital for new
  investments
• Inadequate support to the development of info
  society
• Insufficient investments in ICT
• Failure of e-government project
• Insincere support to deregulation
• Legislation not harmonized with global
  communities
• Merger and acquisition of major industries

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• WEAKNESSES
• Serious lag in the building of information
  society
• Lack of development plans
• Legislation not harmonized with global
  communities
• Drain of educated/trained personnel
• Domestic production lost its technological pace
• Neighbors have built better technological links
• Neighbors already initiated infrastructural
  projects
• Scientific and research institutions disoriented
• Inadequate monitoring business policy
  requirements
• Language barrier in education and industry

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• STRENGHTS
• New Government initiatives
• Setting priority to ICT sector
• e-government project
• Information technology education
• Deregulation
• Protection of intellectual property
• Privatization and ICT support to capital market
• Internet in education
• Internet in business
• Reviving industrial production, tourism
• Rise in the purchasing power of population
• Revitalizing scientific and research
  organizations
• Establishing SME

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• OPPORTUNITIES
• Rising competition in various industries
• Lower rates and cheaper commodities and services
• Significant growth of consumers
• Large projects for Government institutions
• Electronic banking projects
• ICT support to capital market (trading of
  securities)
• Mass utilization of smart cards in business
  banking, commerce, health, public authorities,
  education
• Drop in the price of hardware
• Legalization of software
• Domestic production of multimedia contents
• Drop in the prices of Internet access and
  utilization
• Accessibility of multimedia contents through the
  Internet
• Expansion of e-business

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Public Education Healthcare

• OPPORTUNITIES
• Rising competition in various industries (medical
  tourism)
• Lower rates and cheaper commodities and services
• Significant growth of consumers
• Large projects for Government institutions
• Electronic banking projects
• ICT support to capital market (trading of
  securities)
• Mass utilization of smart cards
• Drop in the price of hardware
• Domestic production of multimedia contents
• Drop in the prices of Internet access and
  utilization
• Accessibility of multimedia contents through the
  Internet
• Expansion of e-business

• STRENGHTS
• New Government initiatives
• ICT implementation
• e-government project
• Information technology education
• Internet in education
• Revitalizing scientific and research
  organizations
• Wide spectrum of well trained personnel

• WEAKNESSES
• Serious lag in the building of information
  society
• Lack of master development plans
• Lack of interdisciplinary cooperation
• Legislation not harmonized with global
  communities
• Drain of educated/trained personnel
• Domestic production lost its technological pace
• Neighboring countries have built better
  technological links
• Neighbors have already initiated infrastructural
  projects
• Scientific and research institutions disoriented
• Language barrier in education and industry
• Lack of accountability and efficiency

• THREATS
• Non-cooperativeness and loss of political and
  economic support
• Insufficient inflow of capital for new
  investments
• Inadequate support to the development of
  information society
• Insufficient investments in ICT
• Failure of e-government project
• Insincere support to deregulation
• Legislation not harmonized with global
  communities
• Merger and acquisition of major industries

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Core Function of Public Agencies

• They fall into five broad categories
• policy adviser
• regulator
• purchaser
• provider
• employer

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Problems in Public Sector

• Process-oriented vs. outcome-oriented
• Labor-intensive
• Low efficiency
• Lack of accountability

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IT Impact on Public Sector

• Problems in public sector abound.
• Major ones include
• efficiency and accountability transparency,
  auditability
• Single most significant problem is probably
• Corruption

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IT Impact on Public Sector

• Corruption
• dishonesty and illegal behavior by people in
  positions of authority or power
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Corruption case 1Railway Service

• Railway system problem seat reservation system
• access and control over seat allocation by
  booking staff
• bribe for reserved place in an overbooked system
• information system is introduced
• booking is done automatically by computer system
• waiting list management is also automatic
• hopefully the corruption will go away

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Corruption case 1

• Computerization makes it harder for fraud by not
  impossible
• Station managers retain manual control in
  emergency condition or last-minute travel by
  VIPs.
• This is used in non-emergency for non-VIP
  travelers.
• Ticket touts still exist.
• Tickets are bought well in advance using a name
  of John Doe and sold at a premium to last minute
  travelers.

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Corruption case 1

• What is your solution?
• Provide a few alternatives.

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Corruption case 1Ghost Worker Payroll

• Ghost workers are listed in payroll but
  non-existing.
• Someone collects wages on their behalf.
• Payroll system is computerized to eliminate such
  ghosts.
• Original ghost workers are gone.
• But audit uncovers a computer operator who is
  collecting wages for ghost workers he entered
  into the system.

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Corruption case 2

• What is your solution?
• Provide a few alternatives.

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Corruption case 3University Exam Marks

• Public university kept examination marks on
  paper.
• Few trusted individuals were in charge and papers
  were locked in a safe when not in use.
• As years go by, lists get larger and harder to
  process.
• Computerized system is introduced for marking and
  calculating.
• Un-networked system is implemented but password
  is required.

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Corruption case 3University Exam Marks

• One day, a relatively dull student is found to
  achieve a good final grade.
• He turns out to be the son of the computer
  manager.
• The manager opened up the database and changed
  his son's mark.
• He got caught because he went to far and pushed
  the mark too high to remain unnoticed.

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Corruption case 3

• What is your solution?
• Provide a few alternatives.

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Corruption case 4Customs Records

• A customs department kept manual records with
  names and addresses of overseas firms involved in
  import and export transactions.
• Customs officials were illegally paid to provide
  such details.
• The information is computerized and made
  available to the general public.
• The usual bribery is gone.
• New problems arise.

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Corruption case 4

• What is your solution?
• Provide a few alternatives.

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Problem-solving approach

• Urgent need of quality improvement
• Lack of quality indicators
• Paper-based workplace prevents QI with timeliness
• Moving towards IT implementation
• ICT impacts and challenges abound

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A Word on Quality Improvement

• Deming Cycle
• Plan, Do, Check, Act
• Without quantitative measurement, there is no
  easy way to monitor any change
• Quality indicator development is a major issue
  and requires a holistic approach.

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Change Slow v.s. Fast
Change
Time
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Quality Indicator Developments

• What kind of QI?
• input, process, output, outcome
• Quality Indicator requirement
• Input resources
• Process monitoring
• Activity measurements
• Output/outcome measurements

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Indicators are not without a cost

• Paper-based or manual system is very difficult
  and costly for any analysis
• Electronic environment provides a better
  infrastructure but implementation is not without
  a cost.

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Project Management

• I Saw The Car Quickly Hit Charlies Rear Plate
• Integration
• Scope
• Time
• Cost
• Quality
• Human Resource
• Communications
• Risk
• Procurement

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Project Management Activities
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Project Management Activities
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Scope

• Planning Systems Requirement
• Definition per TOR
• Control Change Control
• Grant any changes in a controlled manner

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Human Resource

• Who is involved and responsible?
• Use of in-house personnel vs. outsource
• Training issues
• When and how often
• Trainers who

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Communications

• Meeting Agenda
• Meeting Participants
• Management, IT department
• Vendor
• End users
• Meeting Schedule Weekly minimal
• Lunch meeting worth spending
• Information Distribution circular as hard copy
  and/or via intranet

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SWOT MATRIX

• STRENGHTS
• New Government initiatives
• Setting priority to ICT sector
• e-government project
• Information technology education
• Deregulation
• Protection of intellectual property
• Privatization and ICT support to capital market
• Internet in education
• Internet in business
• Reviving industrial production, tourism
• Rise in the purchasing power of population
• Revitalizing scientific and research
  organizations
• Establishing SME

• OPPORTUNITIES
• Rising competition in various industries
• Lower rates and cheaper commodities and services
• Significant growth of consumers
• Large projects for Government institutions
• Electronic banking projects
• ICT support to capital market (trading of
  securities)
• Mass utilization of smart cards in banking,
  commerce, health, public authorities, education
• Drop in the price of hardware
• Legalization of software
• Domestic production of multimedia contents
• Drop in the prices of Internet access and
  utilization
• Accessibility of multimedia contents through the
  Internet
• Expansion of e-business

• WEAKNESSES
• Serious lag in the building of info society
• Lack of development plans
• Legislation not harmonized with global
  communities
• Drain of educated personnel
• Domestic production lost its technological pace
• Neighboring countries have built better
  technological links
• Neighboring countries have already initiated
  infrastructural projects
• Scientific and research institutions disoriented
• Inadequate monitoring of ICT market for business
  and policy requirements
• Language barrier in education and industry

• THREATS
• Non-cooperativeness and loss of political and
  economic support
• Insufficient inflow of capital for new
  investments
• Inadequate support to the development of info
  society
• Insufficient investments in ICT
• Failure of e-government project
• Insincere support to deregulation
• Legislation not harmonized with global
  communities
• Merger and Acquisition of major industries

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Implementation

• Workflow analysis always leads to workflow
  modification
• Personnel training is always required
• Doing things electronically instead of manually

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The River of No Return

• Once committed, it is next to impossible to
  revert except temporary use of manual system
  during downtime (planned or unplanned)
• Imagine what the enterprise or business will do
  if the system is down, compromised or the
  information is lost/stolen.

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Information Security

• Information security is guaranteed if and only if
  the following is secure
• Availability ???????????????
• Integrity ???????????????????????
• Confidentiality ???????????????????

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• Information Security Management requires a
  dramatic change in organizational culture, i.e.,
  ways of life in workplace and at home.
• An information system without security management
  is a time-bomb, waiting for a disaster. Sooner
  or later it will go off.

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• Inefficiency needs quality improvement.
• Information system is needed.
• Information security is required to achieve a
  secure information system.
• IS management requires modification of
  organization culture.

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Culture

• Beliefs, way of life, or art
• Habits and the way of behaviors
• Let us walk through a process of information
  system management and see how organization
  culture is affected.

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Things involved

• Just like any other project.
• Project management is to be done professionally
  and a prerequisite for any successful project.

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Information Security Management
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Information Technology

• the theory and practice of using computers to
  store and analyze information.
• Collins COBUILD, HarperCollins Publishers.

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Royal Thai Government

• Office of the Prime Minister
• Agriculture and Cooperatives
• Commerce
• Culture
• Defense
• Education
• Energy
• Finance
• Foreign Affairs
• ICT
• Industry

• Interior
• Justice
• Labor
• Natural Resources and Environment
• Public Health
• Science and Technology
• Social Development and Human Security
• Tourism and Sports
• Transportation

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Missions

• Laws and enforcement
• Tax collection
• Public health
• Defense
• Education

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Impact

• Information collection and processing
• IT literacy
• Information security policy
• Communications
• Language barriers
• Information presentation
• Content
• Language

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FBI Security Survey 2005

• Total financial losses declined dramatically.
• Attacks on computer systems or (detected) misuse
  of these systems have been decreasing in all
  areas except the wireless networks.
• Defacements of Internet websites increased
  dramatically. 95 of organizations experienced
  more than 10 website incidents in 2004.
• "Inside jobs" occur about as often as external
  attacks.

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• Organizations largely defend through firewalls,
  anti-virus software, intrusion detection systems,
  and server-based ACL.
• More organizations are conducting security
  audits.
• Computer security investments per employee vary
  widely. State governments lead the pack, followed
  by utilities, transportation, tele-commuication,
  manufacturing, and high tech.
• No increased use of outsourcing cyber-security or
  using insurance to manage risks.

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