Tutorial on the P802.22.2 PAR for:

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Tutorial on the P802.22.2 PAR forRecommended
Practice for the Installation and Deployment of
IEEE 802.22 Systems

• Carl R. Stevenson,WK3C Wireless LLC
• Gerald Chouinard,Communications Research Centre,
  Canada
• Winston Caldwell,
• FOX Broadcasting

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Scope of the PAR
The document recommends best engineering
practices for the installation and deployment of
IEEE 802.22 systems to help assure that such
systems are correctly installed and deployed.
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Purpose
To provide detailed technical guidance to
installers, deployers, and operators of IEEE
802.22 compliant systems to help assure that such
systems are correctly installed and deployed.
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Need for a Recommended Practice
Correct installation and deployment of IEEE
802.22 compliant systems are important to assure
that those systems will maximally achieve their
design goals in terms of system performance,
reliability, and non-interference to incumbent
licensed systems with which they will share the
TV broadcast bands.
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Stakeholders
Stakeholders are installers, operators, users,
and manufacturers of IEEE 802.22 systems.
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How it all started!

• The FCC released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking,
  May 25, 2004, proposing to allow unlicensed radio
  transmitters to operate in the broadcast
  television spectrum at locations where that
  spectrum is not being used.

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Fixed/Access

• Transmitter power limit 1 W
• Transmitter antenna gain limit 6 dBi
• An incumbent database is required.
• Geo-location technique is required using either a
  GPS or professional installation.
• Transmission of a unique identifier is necessary.
• Spectrum sensing approach is postulated.

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IEEE 802 Standards Process
IEEE 802
802.18 Regulatory Matters
802.11 WLAN
802.15 WPAN
802.16 WMAN
802.20 WMANMobile
802.18 SG1 Use of VHF/UHF TV bands by
LEequipment
802.11b 11 Mbit/s
802.15.1 Bluetooth
802.16d Fixed
802.11g 54 Mbit/s
802.15.3 High rate
802.16e Mobile
802.11n 100 Mbit/s
802.11j Relay
802.15.4 Zigbee



Wi-Fi
Wi-MAX
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IEEE 802 Standards Process
IEEE 802
802.18 Regulatory Matters
802.11 WLAN
802.15 WPAN
802.16 WMAN

802.20 WMANMobile
802.22 WRAN
802.22.1 EnhancedPart 74protection
802.11b 11 Mbit/s
802.15.1 Bluetooth
802.16d Fixed
802.11g 54 Mbit/s
802.15.3 High rate
802.16e Mobile
802.22.2 RecommendedPractice
802.11n 100 Mbit/s
802.11j Relay
802.15.4 Zigbee



Wi-Fi
Wi-MAX
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IEEE 802.22 Functional Requirements(primarily
related to incumbent protection)

• 1 W transmitter power with a maximum of 4 W EIRP.
• Fixed point-to-multi-point access only.
• Base station controls all transmit parameters and
  characteristics in the network.
• Base station is professionally installed and
  maintained.
• Location awareness for all devices in the network
• Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) antenna is to be
  installed outdoors at least 10 m above ground.
• CPE cannot transmit unless it has successfully
  associated with a base station.
• Base station uses an up-to-date database
  augmented by distributed sensing to determine
  channel availability.

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IEEE Standards
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Optimum frequency rangefor large area
Non-Line-of-sight Broadband Access
Antenna aperture
Phase noise
Filter selectivity
Noise Figure
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Optimum frequency rangefor large area
Non-Line-of-sight Broadband Access
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Existing RF spectrum usageMain markets
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(Test conducted with antenna at a height of 22.1
metres above the ground in the rural sector west
of Ottawa, Canada)
Broadband IP-based communications below1 GHz
Spectrum Occupancy
Low UHF
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Rural Broadband
- Cable-modem / ADSL
MAC Long round-trip delays
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CPE Mock-up(RF based on low-cost UHF-TV tuners)
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WRAN System Capacity and Coverage
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Household reach by technologies (last mile)
WRAN100 W Base Station4 W User terminal
Satellite
ADSL, Cable, ISM and UNII Wireless and Optical
Fiber
FCC Definition of Rural
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Alternate channels interference case
lt DTV
lt WRAN
Saturation of DTV receiver from WRAN transmission
gt control of transmit power
(Co-channel and1st adj. channelgt keep-out
distances)
Noise limited contour 41 dB(uV/m)
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Characteristics of 802.22 WRAN
64-QAM
16-QAM
QPSK
Minimum service availabilitylocation 50time
99.9
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Cognitive Radio

• Allows spectrum sharing on a negotiated or
  opportunistic basis.
• Adapts a radios use of spectrum to the real-time
  conditions of its operating environment.
• Offers the potential for more flexible,
  efficient, and comprehensive use of available
  spectrum.
• Reduces the risk of harmful interference.

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Cognitive Radio Techniques(as per the NPRM)

1. Database/Geo-Location Determine whether the
   unlicensed device is outside the protected
   contour of a licensed station using a database
   with a geo-location device.
2. Control Signal Receive a control signal from an
   established incumbent service indicating which
   channels are available or are occupied in the
   area.
3. Sensing Sense the RF environment to a certain
   threshold to detect whether a TV channel is in
   use.

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1- Problems with the Proposed
Database/Geo-Location Technique(as per the NPRM)

• Databases can have mistakes and can be
  inaccurate.
• Databases are not updated instantaneously with
  real-time changes in the RF environment.
• GPS does not operate well indoors (CPE antenna
  has to be outdoors anyway).
• Solution Databases/geolocation techniques could
  be used for first assessment of channel
  availability but need to be supplemented by
  sensing.

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2- Problems with the Proposed Control Signal
Technique (as per the NPRM)

• Control signals indicating available channels
  from different sources may overlap and cause
  confusion.
• Control signals indicating occupied channels from
  different sources may overlap and cause
  confusion.
• No incentives for incumbent services to provide
  control signals for unlicensed operation.
• Solution control signal provided by the base
  station

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3- Problems with Sensing(as per the NPRM)

• The detectable RF environment changes
  dramatically with minor changes in location of
  the sensing device due to multi-path, fading, or
  shadowing.
• The hidden node problem occurs when a sensing
  device is being shadowed by either a man-made
  structure or terrain and cannot accurately detect
  what TV channels are occupied.
• Solution collaborative sensing from a number of
  CPEs and data fusion/centralized control at the
  base station, augmented by geolocation/database.

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IEEE 802.22 Work Plan
Steps Deadline
Formation of the 802.22 WG Jan 05
Functional Requirements definition Call for proposals Sept 05
Proposals / Contributions Nov 05 Jan 06
Consolidation of proposals March 06
Standard drafting process starts May 06
Sponsor ballot / Comments resolution process March 07
Standard approved and delivered to industry January 08
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Need for Recommended Practice

• Recommended Practice is needed to help operators
  make best use of the spectrum while protecting
  incumbents
• Installation and deployment requirements to
  protect incumbents need to be well understood
• Typical WRAN deployment and installation need to
  be explained to new potential operators
• Capabilities and limitations of the 802.22
  standard need to be known
• Impact of departure from typical operation needs
  to be understood

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What theRecommended Practicemay cover
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Best practices for base station siting and
installation

• Site selection and frequency selection based on
  local TV channel usage
• Use of computer based coverage prediction tools
  and databases to identify potential coverage area
  and potentially affected incumbents
• Transmit antenna and power constraints for given
  location
• Co-existence with neighbour WRAN operators

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Best practices for Base Station operation and
performance verification

• Continuous monitoring of the interference
  environment
• Normal sensing reporting
• Special sensing request to CPEs and reporting
• Data fusion and automatic and/or manual frequency
  channel control
• Interface with the incumbents for interference
  resolution
• Smooth increase of service provision by using
  multiple channels
• Load balancing
• Fall-back scheme in case of interference and
  insufficient channels
• Monitoring of key operational and performance
  parameters

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Best practices for CPE installation and control

• Verification of physical location (at
  registration, GPS, relative position among CPEs)
• Verification of the installation (10 m high
  antenna, right azimuth, fixed installation
  remote, visual)
• Instruction to new subscribers (installation and
  antenna alignment, problem identification,
  network access)
• Guidance on serving subscribers near the edge of
  the coverage versus system loading and
  interference potential

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Best practices for interference avoidance

• Optimizing collaborative sensing based on a
  number of well positioned CPEs relative to an
  incumbent operation
• Techniques for improved coexistence among WRAN
  operators in the same area

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Best practices for Part 74 device protection

• How to maximize the sensing capability of BS and
  CPEs for wireless microphones and the limitations
• Use of enhanced detection schemes (TG1)
• Means for the operator to avoid interference
• Channel switch in the local vicinity based on
  location information

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Conclusions

• 802.22 sees a compelling need to develop such a
  Recommended Practice
• The PAR was everwhelmingly approved by the 802.22
  WG members
• Licensed incumbents wholeheartedly support the
  development of this Recommended Practice
• 802.22 wants to proceed and will be seeking EC
  approval to submit the PAR to NesCom