AND

1
AQUEOUS ACIDS
AND
THEIR SALTS
2

• There is a systematic process in the naming of
  inorganic acids. Probably the most significant
  problem is the variation of oxidation numbers for
  the negative ions.
• For example
• Cl-1 chloride ion
• NO3-1 nitrate ion
• SO4-2 sulfate ion
• PO4-3 phosphate ion

3

• Another significant problem is that many of the
  other polyatomic ions with the same endings on
  their names have a different number of oxygen
  atoms attached to the central atom.
• For example
• chlorate ClO3-1
• sulfate SO4-2
• phosphate PO4-3
• acetate C2H3O2-1

4

• Rather than memorize all the polyatomic
• Ions it is much more useful to learn their
  trends in the naming scheme. There are numerous
  patterns within a homologous series.
• For example

• ClO4-1 perchlorate
• ClO3-1 chlorate
• ClO2-1 chlorite
• ClO-1 hypochlorite
• Cl-1 chloride (not a polyatomic ion)

• ClO4-1 perchlorate
• ClO3-1 chlorate
• ClO2-1 chlorite
• ClO-1 hypochlorite
• Cl-1 chloride

• ClO4-1 perchlorate
• ClO3-1 chlorate
• ClO2-1 chlorite
• ClO-1 hypochlorite
• Cl-1 chloride

• ClO4-1 perchlorate
• ClO3-1 chlorate
• ClO2-1 chlorite
• ClO-1 hypochlorite
• Cl-1 chloride

All the ions contain one chlorine atom but a
varying number of oxygen atoms
All the names contain chlor indicating that the
ion contains chlorine
All have a minus one charge
5

• The oxy-ions of chlorine, bromine and iodine
  all have these trends in common. Look for them
  below

perchlorate ClO4-1 chlorate ClO3-1 chlorite Cl
O2-1 hypochlorite ClO-1
Perbromate BrO4-1 Bromate BrO3-1 Bromite BrO2-1 H
ypobromite BrO-1
Periodate IO4-1 Iodate IO3-1 Iodite IO2-1 Hypoiod
ite IO-1
The most productive method of committing these
ions to memory is first memorize the ones that
have the _____ate ending. . This is the most
common ending.
6
POLYATOMIC IONS
Ions with -1 charge perbromate BrO4-1 bromate BrO3
-1 bromite BrO2-1 hypobromite BrO-1 perchlorate Cl
O4-1 chlorate ClO3-1 chlorite ClO2-1 hypochlorite
ClO-1 periodate IO4-1 iodate IO3-1 iodite IO2-1 hy
poiodite IO-1
nitrate NO3-1 nitrite NO2-1 hydroxide OH-1 cyanide
CN-1 thiocyanate SCN-1 acetate C2H3O2-1 permangan
ate MnO4-1 bicarbonate HCO3-1 Ions with a -2
Charge carbonate CO3-2 phthalate C8H4O4-2 sulfate
SO4-2
sulfite SO3-2 chromate CrO4-2 dichromate Cr2O7-2 o
xalate C2O4-2 peroxide O2-2 Ions with a -3
Charge phosphate PO4-3 phosphite PO3-3 arsenate As
O4-3 Ions with 1 charge ammonium ion NH41
7
The table below shows the prefixes and suffixes
that tell the number of oxygen atoms present in
the negative ion.
Salt metal polyatomic
ion Oxygen
atoms ________ per_____ate 4 ________
_____ate 3 ________
_____ite 2 ________ hypo_____ite 1 ________
_____ide 0
8
REMEMBER the aqueous acid names are simply an
extension of the salt names.
9
Aqueous Acid hydrogen polyatomic
ion per_____ic acid _____ic acid
_____ous acid hypo______ous acid hydro______ic
acid
Salt metal polyatomic
ion ________ per_____ate ________
_____ate ________
_____ite ________ hypo_____ite ________
_____ide
To transform the metal per____ate salt into its
corresponding aqueous acid name 1) The name of
the metal is dropped 2) The -ate ending is
replaced with ic 3) The word acid is added to
the name For example potassium perchlorate gt
perchloric acid KClO4(s)
gt HClO4 (aq)
10
Salt metal polyatomic
ion ________ per_____ate ________
_____ate ________
_____ite ________ hypo_____ite ________
_____ide
Aqueous Acid hydrogen polyatomic
ion per_____ic acid _____ic acid
_____ous acid hypo______ous acid hydro______ic
acid
To transform the metal _____ate salt into its
corresponding aqueous acid name 1) The name of
the metal is dropped 2) The -ate ending is
replaced with ic 3) The word acid is added to
the name For example sodium
acetate gt acetic acid
NaC2H3O2(s) gt HC2H3O2(aq)
11
Salt metal polyatomic
ion ________ per_____ate ________
_____ate ________
_____ite ________ hypo_____ite ________
_____ide
Aqueous Acid hydrogen polyatomic
ion per_____ic acid _____ic acid
_____ous acid hypo______ous acid hydro______ic
acid
To transform the metal_____ite salt into its
corresponding aqueous acid name 1) The name of
the metal is dropped 2) The -ite ending is
replaced with ous 3) The word acid is added to
the name For example ammonium
nitrite gt nitrous acid
NH4NO2(s) gt HNO2(aq)
12
Salt metal polyatomic
ion ________ per_____ate ________
_____ate ________
_____ite ________ hypo_____ite ________
_____ide
Aqueous Acid hydrogen polyatomic
ion per_____ic acid _____ic acid
_____ous acid hypo______ous acid hydro______ic
acid
To transform the metal hypo_____ite salt into its
corresponding aqueous acid name 1) The name of
the metal is dropped 2) The -ite ending is
replaced with ous 3) The word acid is added to
the name For example lithium
hypoiodite gt hypoiodous acid
LiIO (s) gt HIO (aq)
13
Salt metal polyatomic
ion ________ per_____ate ________
_____ate ________
_____ite ________ hypo_____ite ________
_____ide
Aqueous Acid hydrogen polyatomic
ion per_____ic acid _____ic acid
_____ous acid hypo______ous acid hydro______ic
acid
To transform the metal _____ide salt into its
corresponding aqueous acid name 1) The name of
the metal is dropped 2) The -ide ending is
replaced with hydro____ic 3) The word acid is
added to the name For example
silver bromide gt hydrobromic acid
AgBr(s) gt HBr(aq)
14
The following exercises will deal only with the
names and formulas of aqueous acids. The names
and formulas for the salts were studied in
detail in a previous lesson.
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Example 1-Names to Formulas
chloric acid

1. Determine the formula charge of the polyatomic
   ion

chlorate
2. Add hydrogen ions
-1
1
0
H
ClO3
(aq)
3. Balance charge with ions
Final Formula
4. Add the subscript (aq)
16
Examples 1- Formulas to Names
HBrO2(aq)
1. The hydrogen out front the (aq) subscript
indicates an acid
bromite
2. Determine the ion and its acid ending.
bromous acid
____________ acid
Final Name
17
Examples 10- Formulas to Names
HBrO2(aq)
1. The hydrogen out front the (aq) subscript
indicates an acid
bromite
2. Determine the ion and its acid ending.
bromous acid
____________ acid
Final Name
18
Practice Problem 1

• HIO4(aq)

Choose the correct name for the compound
1. iodic acid
No, it contains more oxygen atoms
2. iodous acid
No, it contains more oxygen atoms
3. periodic acid
Very good, click arrow to continue
4. hydrogen periodate
No, you need to use the acid name
5. none of the above
No, there is a correct answer
next problem
Ion list
19
Practice Problem 2

• hydrobromic acid

Choose the correct formula for the compound
1. HBrO(aq)
No, it has too many oxygen atoms
2. HBr(aq)
Very good, click arrow to continue
3. HBrO3(aq)
No, you have too many oxygen atoms
No, you have too many oxygen atoms
4. HBrO2(aq)
No, there is a correct answer
5. none of the above
next problem
Ion list
20
POLYATOMIC IONS
Ions with -1 charge perbromate BrO4-1 bromate BrO3
-1 bromite BrO2-1 hypobromite BrO-1 perchlorate Cl
O4-1 chlorate ClO3-1 chlorite ClO2-1 hypochlorite
ClO-1 periodate IO4-1 iodate IO3-1 iodite IO2-1 hy
poiodite IO-1
nitrate NO3-1 nitrite NO2-1 hydroxide OH-1 cyanide
CN-1 thiocyanate SCN-1 acetate C2H3O2-1 permangan
ate MnO4-1 bicarbonate HCO3-1 Ions with a -2
Charge carbonate CO3-2 phthalate C8H4O4-2 sulfate
SO4-2
sulfite SO3-2 chromate CrO4-2 dichromate Cr2O7-2 o
xalate C2O4-2 peroxide O2-2 Ions with a -3
Charge phosphate PO4-3 phosphite PO3-3 arsenate As
O4-3 Ions with 1 charge ammonium ion NH41
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