Welcome to Biology

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Welcome to Biology

• Chapter 1

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Introduction

• Biology is the study ___________
• Biologist study
• Interactions of the environment
• Study of interactions among species
• Study problems and propose solutions through
  research

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Characteristics of Living things

• Organisms is anything that possess all of the
  characteristics of life
• 1. Organization - all living things
  ___________________
• 2. Growth - increase in the amount of living
  material and the formation of new structures

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• 3. Reproduction - _________________
• Not necessary for survival of an individual
  organism BUT is essential for continuation of the
  organisms species
• __________- group of organisms that can
  interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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• 4. Environment - adjust to the environment
• Organisms live in constant interaction w/ their
  surroundings
• __________ - condition in the environment that
  requires an organism to adjust
• __________ - reaction to a stimulus
• Homeostasis - regulation of organisms internal
  environment

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• 5. ___________ - any structure,behavior, or
  internal process that enables an organism to
  respond to stimuli and better survive
• ___________ - gradual accumulation of adaptations
  over time

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Discovery Science

• Description of natural structures or processes
  through careful observation and data collection
• Example Jane Goodalls chimpanzee research
• Flemings discovery of Penicillium

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Scientific Method

• Scientific method are steps used by scientist to
  gather information and answer questions
• Scientific method occurs in steps!

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Steps to Scientific method

• Observation
• Question
• Hypothesis
• Experiment
• Results and Analysis
• Conclusion
• Communicate results

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Observation

• use of the senses to gather and record
  information about structures or processes in
  nature

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Inference

• Logical conclusion based on observations
• E.g Thinking someone is at the door when the
  doorbell rings

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Step 1

• Hypothesis - is an explanation for a question or
  a problem that can be formally tested
• Idea of answer to question through observation
• Make additional observations
• Accept or reject hypothesis NEVER _______

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Step 2

• __________ - procedure that tests a hypothesis by
  the process of collecting information under
  controlled conditions
• 2 groups ________ experimental
• __________- group which all conditions are kept
  the same
• _____________- test group where all conditions
  are kept the same except a single condition

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Independent v. Dependent

• ____________ - thing or event that is being
  studied
• ___________ - condition that results from changes
  in the independent variable (what are you
  measuring?)
• Example Paper towel absorbency
• _________ - conditions that differs in experiment

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Step 3

• Data - information obtained from experiments
• Numerical or verbal
• Analysis includes comparing results and
  conclusions with works that are published

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Step 4

• Results and conclusions are reported in
  scientific journals
• Peer reviews - scientist can repeat experiments
  to verify results

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Theories and Laws

• ________ explanation of natural phenomenon that
  is supported by a large body of scientific
  evidence from different observations and
  experiments
• Not absolute
• Revised
• E.g Idea that all living things are made
• of cells
• ________ facts of nature
• Example gravity

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Kinds of Research

• Quantitative research
• Numerical data
• Graphs and tables
• Descriptive research
• Observational data (written descriptions)
• Models - physical, mental, or mathematical
  representation of an idea or process

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Measuring

• International System of Measurement (SI) - metric
  system
• Advantage few basic units decimal system
• Meter (length) Gram (mass) Liter (volume)
  Second (time) Celsius (temperature)

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Models

• Physical, mental, or mathematical
• Drawing
• Graph
• 3D object
• Computer program

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Science and Society

• Ethics are the moral principles and values held
  by humans
• Technology is the application of scientific
  research to societys needs and problems