Erosion Control

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Erosion Control

• By
• Adam Holtkamp
• Eric OFarrell
• Eric Kaiser
• Ed Malecki

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Erosion

• Erosion affects the land in many ways. You may
  not know it, but you've noticed its effects. From
  the winding rivers on your walks, the tingle of
  rocks on your feet on the ocean shore. You may
  even live on a Delta, created by the eroded
  sediment. Erosion occurs all around us.
• Erosion is a combination of many different
  factors. There can be different types of erosion
  also. Types wind, water, glacier, soil, and sea.

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Types of Erosion

• Water erosion Occurs from the chemicals in the
  water, also the force of the flow of water in the
  water sources. Chemicals in the water can break
  down certain rocks in the water source, such as
  limestone. Along with the chemicals breaking down
  the rocks, the force of the flow can carry many
  soil particles and broken down rocks down stream
  causing erosion.
• Wind erosion - Occurs mainly in the desert and
  drylands although it can also occur where you
  live. It also occurs when gusts of winds pick
  dust and soil particles up and transport them
  from one area to another.
• Glacial Erosion (ICE)- Besides that of hail,
  glaciers are this major form. Glaciers are giant
  bodies of ice that can pick up huge pieces of
  rock and large bodies of soil. Some even as big
  as a house and transport them where they wish.
  When hail hits the soil, the particles are
  dislodged.

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Types of Erosion cont.

• Sea Erosion- Salts and other chemicals in the
  ocean can erode weak rocks on the coast, such as
  limestone or chalk. The eroded materials are
  then carried out to shore by the mass flow of
  water and settle. Waves crashing against the
  shore can create air pressure inside cracked
  rocks that can cause them to break down. Besides
  the water and chemicals in the sea, the forces
  that can carry other smaller rocks crashing with
  other rocks also causes them to break down.
• Soil Erosion- Farmers pay the largest price to
  soil erosion. Topsoil can be carried off farmland
  making the soil unfertile, while making other
  soils more fertile.

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Main Soil Erosion

• Two major types of soil erosion in detail
• Water
• Wind

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Water

• Soil erosion from water comes in the form of rain
  and runoff. When the rain falls, it can break up
  the particles of the soil, (especially fine sand
  and silt) and disperse them. This destruction of
  soil increases with thunderstorms, or heavy rain.
  Runoff can carry these particles to rivers,
  oceans, streams or lakes. Runoff occurs when
  water drifts down a slope, or surface, and is not
  absorbed into the soil. Runoff increases when
  soil is crusty, compacted, or is over hydrated,
  as in it can't absorb any more water. Also known
  as saturated. This runoff can carry off more
  rich topsoil.

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Wind

• Wind erosion is affected by more than a few
  factors. The soil weight greatly affects the
  effect of the erosion. Lighter particles can be
  carried away by the wind. As the soil particles
  get heavier, they can just coast along the soil.
  This heavy soil can break down because of this,
  and be carried away, as well as break down other
  soil particles. Soil that is rough has a greater
  resistance to this type of erosion, but that
  resistance can reduce as the erosion wears away
  the roughness into smooth, vulnerable soil.
• You can reduce these affects by cultivating your
  land, making windbreaks, covering your plants, or
  by simply making sure that you have good strong
  trees to break the wind. This is important, as
  wind erosion can do as little as damage your crop
  or as much as destroy the soil completely.

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Ways to Prevent Water Erosion

• Riprap (rock lining) to protect channel banks
  from erosive water flow.
• Sediment trap to stop runoff carrying sediment
  and trap the sediment.
• Storm drain outlet protection to reduce the speed
  of water flowing from a pipe onto open ground or
  into a natural channel. 
• Diversion dike or perimeter dike to divert excess
  water to places where it can be disposed of
  properly.
• Straw bale dike to stop and detain sediment from
  small unprotected areas (a short term measure)
• Perimeter swale to divert runoff from a disturbed
  are or to contain runoff within a disturbed area
• Grade stabilization structure to carry
  concentrated runoff down a slope
• Winterize by mid-September
• Seed Bare Slopes
• Be on Alert Throughout the Winter
• Increase residue cover
• Contour planting and tillage( planting and
  tilling perpendicular to a slope)
• No-till practices

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Ways to Prevent Wind Erosion

• Do not chop stalks after harvest
• This increase water content by catching snow and
  reduces wind erosion
• Also standing stalks reduce soil fertility
  decline
• Create wind breaks
• Trees, shrubs, brush, fence rows.

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Soils Susceptiblity to Erosion

• Sandgt
• Clay gt
• Loams

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Government Programs

• CRP
• WRP
• Government waterways
• Filter strips
• WASCOB
• Etc.

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Credits

• Adam Holtkamp
• Eric OFarrell
• Eric Kaiser
• Ed Malecki