81809 Notes

1
8/18/09 Notes

• History basics
• 14 billion years in 45 minutes

2
Questions and Cautions

• What, exactly, is the definition of the term?
• Whose definition are we using?
• How does this affect our views of history?
• Looking backwards with modern perceptions.applyin
  g terms to non-existent ideas in history.

3
Terms

• 100,000 y.a.
• c. 5000 BCE
• 509 BC
• 1500 CE
• 1500 AD
• Alexander of Macedon (r. 336-323)
• Primary Source / Secondary Source

4
The Big Bang

• 14 Billion years ago
• Creation of our universe
• Earth probably 6 billion years ago

5
Breakup of Pangaea

• 250-180 million y.a.

6
Asteroid Collision with Earth

• 65,000,000 y.a.
• Climatic Change
• Forests deserts
• Death 70 of life on Earth
• Including dinosaurs

7
Hominids

• What is a hominid???
• Mammal that walks upright, manipulates the
  environment, makes tools, uses fire, and
  opposable thumbs
• 4 million y.a. in Africa

8
Afar Desert, Ethiopia 1974
9
Australopithecus Afarensis

• Lucy
• 3.5 m.y.a.
• Johanson and White

10
People as we know them

• 250,000 - 150,000 y.a.
• Homo Sapiens Sapiens very wise man (PEOPLE)

11
Earliest Humans

• Transitions from Foraging to Civilization
• Themes
• Technology
• Environment
• Culture

12
Human Eras

• Paleolithic-40,000-10,000 BCE
• Mesolithic-10,000-8000 BCE
• Neolithic-8000-3000 BCE

13
Paleolithic Era

• 40,000 to 10,000 BCE
• Small family groups of 20-30 people
• Hunter-gatherers
• Cave paintings Lascaux (30-15,000BCE)

14
Venus Willendorf

• 30,000-15,000 BCE
• So what?
• Modern day Austria

15
Neolithic Period

• 10,000-3000 BCE ( /- a few thousand years)
• Stonehenge

16
8,000-5,000 BCE Agricultural Revolutions
17
First Cities

• Trade and religion
• Jericho (Palestine) 8000 BCE

18
Catal Huyuk (Turkey) c.6000 BCE
19
Earliest Civilizations

• Afro-Eurasia
• Nile
• Indus
• Yellow
• TigrisEuphrates
• South America?
• Caral, Supe River Valley 2600 BCE

20
Civilization or Complex Society?

• Urban
• Political/military system
• Social stratification
• Economic specialization
• Religion
• Communications
• Higher Culture

21
Transition to Complex Society

• Basic development
• Hunting and Foraging
• (Paleolithic and Mesolithic)
• Agriculture (Neolithic)
• Complex Society
• Key issue surplus capital
• Major development of first complex societies 3500
  BCE 500 BCE