Comparative Telecommunications Law

1
Comparative Telecommunications Law

• Brooklyn/Loyola Summer Program
• ltunibo.itgt
• Prof. Karl Manheim
• 10 Internet

2
The Layers of the Internet

• Hardware Physical Devices Connections
• Transmission modality Method
• Transmission protocols Language
• Addressing Delivery Instructions
• Applications Particular Services ( their code)
• Data Usable Information

3
Internet Hardware

• Computers other processing devices
• E.g., printers
• Wires (or wireless) - Backbone
• The Inter-network
• Currently, mostly owned by major telcos
• Switches (routing devices)
• Compare automobile traffic

4
Transmission Modality

• Digital transmission
• Binary digits, 0 and 1
• Thats what modern computers use
• To put over analog systems, you need a MoDem
• Packet Switching
• Discrete length Packets of binary information
• Routing
• Each packet sent/routed/received independently
• Redundancy, robustness
• Compare circuit switching for telephony

5
Transmission Protocol

• Language of the Internet
• Sender and receiver both know binary digits and
  packets, but must code/decode the same
• Must be device independent (cross-platform)
• Must be human language independent
• Must be application independent
• TCP/IP
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
• Everything that goes over the Internet uses TCP/IP

6
Addressing

• IP Addresses
• 137.204.190.254
• 4 numbers (quartet), 2 base 8 (0-255)
• Network address
• Specific computer address
• www.unibo.it
• Universal Resource Locator (URL) web address
• Top Level Domain (ccTLD)
• Second Level Domain (SLD) network address
• Computer address

Domain Name Servers translate IP numbers into URLs
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Root Servers

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Internet Applications

• World Wide Web
• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Graphical depiction and formatting of data
• Code Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
• Alt. Codes XML, Java, Flash, WAP
• Email
• Text transport between Server Client
• Code Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)
• Alt. Codes MIME, HTML
• Other FTP, File sharing

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Data

• Anything that can be digitized
• Text
• Images
• Sound
• Video
• Genetic information

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Who Owns It

• There is no it, only components
• distributed system w/o centralized control
• compare ownership of spectrum
• scarcity vs ubiquity
• Components are privately owned
• computers, network components, lines
• users may have to pay for use of components
• Information on the internet
• may be owned (as in intellectual property) or
• in the public domain (not owned, or open)

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Who Regulates the Internet

• No one regulates the internet as such
• compare regulation of the spectrum
• Regulation of components
• telecom components regulated by FCC / PUCs
• Regulation of content
• content is private / privately owned, subject to
  regulation just as other communication modes
• Regulation of transactions
• consumer protection, product safety
• taxation

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Coverage

• Friday (6/3), Auctions Comm/Ent 432-442 C/E
  443-448
• Monday (6/6), HDTV overview 132-149
• Tuesday (6/7), Advanced Technologies 150-169
• Weds (6/8), Satellite 216-230
• Thurs (6/9), Tel Numbering C/E 423-432, C/E
  448-451
• Mon (6/13), Wireless 288-305, 306-319 C/E
  442-443
• Tues (6/14), Broadband 320-342
• Weds (6/15), Internet 352-361, 373-375 C/E
  361-372, C/E 379-386
• Thurs (6/16), ICANN C/E 372-379, C/E 452-457
  362-372
• Fri (6/17), Catchup Review