Open Source Technology

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Open Source Technology

• Universiti Malaysia Pahang
• BCS2303
• Web Scripting

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Topic covered

• What is Open Source Technology?
• Open Standard
• GNU Project
• Licensing in Open Technology
• Java Technology Overview

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What is Open Source Technology?

• Open Source is a general term describing several
  parts of the Free Software Licence movement
• In general, open source refers to any program
  whose source code is made available for use or
  modification as users or other developers see fit
• The concept relies on peer review to find and
  eliminate bugs in the program code
• A certification standard issued by the Open
  Source Initiative (OSI) that indicates that the
  source code of a computer program is made
  available free of charge to the general public

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• OSI dictates that in order to be considered "OSI
• Certified" a product must meet the following
  criteria
• The author or holder of the license of the source
  code cannot collect royalties on the distribution
  of the program
• The distributed program must make the source code
  accessible to the user
• The author must allow modifications and
  derivations of the work under the program's
  original name
• No person, group or field of endeavor can be
  denied access to the program
• The rights attached to the program must not
  depend on the program's being part of a
  particular software distribution
• The licensed software cannot place restrictions
  on other software that is distributed with it.

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• Open Source Technology
• Open source code is made available free of charge
  to the general public.
• The rationale for this is that a large community
  of developers who are not concerned with
  proprietary ownership will produce a more useful
  and bug-free product for everyone's benefit.
• The open source concept relies on community
  members to find and eliminate bugs in the program
  code, a process which commercially developed and
  packaged programs do not utilize.
• The process of eliminating bugs and improving the
  software happens at a much quicker rate than
  through the traditional development channels of
  commercial software.
• The information is shared throughout the open
  source community and does not originate nor
  channel through a corporation's research and
  development department.

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Open Standard

• An open standard is a specification whose
  description is freely available, eg, HTML, XML.
  This means that developers are free to create
  applications which are valid according to the
  specification designed for it.
• An Open Standard is more than just a
  specification. The principles behind the
  standard, and the practice of offering and
  operating the standard, are what make the
  standard Open.
• An open standard is a published standard that is
  possessed by no one and used by all.
• A proprietary standard, on the other hand, is
  typically owned by a corporation. Its internals
  cannot be inspected. Its use is licensed by its
  owners.

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Open Standard

• Principles of Open Standards
• Availability
• Open Standards are available for all to read
  and implement.
• Maximize End-User Choice
• Open Standards create a fair, competitive
  market for implementations of the standard.
• No Royalty
• Open Standards are free for all to implement,
  with no royalty or fee.

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Open Standard

• W3C Standards
• World Wide Web Consortium Example of community
  that working on web standardize.
• The standard that are use
• HTML 4.0 - HyperText Markup Language
• XML 1.0 - Extensible Markup Language
• XHTML 1.0, 1.1, and Modularization
• CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
• DOM 1 - Document Object Model Level 1

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Open Standard

• Advantages of using standards
• Accessibility
• Stability

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GNU Project

• GNU stands for Gnus Not Unix.
• 1984 launched to develop UNIX like operating
  system (free software).
• Goal give users freedom, so copyleft is use
• Free Software Foundation (FSF)
• principal organizational sponsor of the GNU
  Project

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Licensing in Open Technology

• No-Cost Licensing
• Source code is free available for use
• Advantages
• code is open with published and, often specified
  interfaces.
• Higher quality and more rapid innovation
• Disadvantages
• Bugs introduced by no responsible organization
  may be difficult for a using organization to fix

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• The most common Open Source licensing models
• MIT / X-Consortium License (least restrictive)
• BSD (Berkeley Standard Distribution)
• Apache license
• GNU General Public License (most restrictive)

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Different open source license
MIT/X Consortium
Increasing Restrictions
BSD License
Apache License
GNU License
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Java Technology Overview
1991
1995
Now

• 1991 - created as computer programming tool
• 1995 incorporated with Netscape Navigator
  Internet Browser
• Now attract over 4.5 million software
  developers

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• Why java technology is choose? Allow developer
  to-
• enjoy write once, run anywhere flexibility
• Combine Java technology-based applications or
  services to create highly customized applications
  or services
• Write powerful and efficient applications for
  mobile phones and any device with a digital
  heartbeat

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• Example of java technologies
• smart cards
• mobile phone
• web cam

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Summary
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References

• http//www.opensource.org
• http//www.gnu.org/
• http//www.java.com
• http//www.sun.com