Boiler

1
Ecodesign of EuP Lot 2
Boiler- WH labelling and European directive EuP
Water Heaters
Consultation Forum Brussels, 8 July 2008
Matthew Kestner EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-ge
neral for Energy and Transport Unit D3, Energy
Efficiency
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Content

• Introduction
• 2. Water Heaters
• 2.1 Ecodesign and EPBD Minimum Efficiency
  Limits
• 2.2 Labelling scale
• 2.3 EPBD Partial Harmonization
• 2.4 Size Limits
• 2.5 EPBD other elements
• 2.6 Conformity assessment
• 2.7 Verification Procedure
• 2.8 Annex IV Climate variation
• 2.9 Emissions/ Nox
• 2.10 Other Definitions/Scope/ Benchmarks
• 2.11 Other Water Heaters

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Index
Part 1. Introduction
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4
EU-15 Greenhouse gas CO2 emissions
Carbon CO2 eq emissions EU15 in 2005
CH boilers
10
17
Water heating
Road transport
6
24
Boilers and water heaters almost ¼
26
Other electric EuP incl. power generation losses
17
Industrial other fossil fuel use incl. refineries
Total 3357 Mt CO2 eq,
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5
Energy
Road transport, inner circle cars ca. 60 CH
Boilers (space heating function only)? Water
Heaters (incl. boiler water heating)? Other
EuP (dotted scope future studies)?
Outside EuP-directive scope
In EuP-scope
Heating highest energy use!
Impact corresponds to circle surface PJ
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6
EU legislation lags behind (Water Heater)?
Minimum energy efficiency standards for water
heaters YES NO
EU to be in front
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CO2 eq. emissions Water Heaters
High saving potential !
2020
1990
2010
2025
EU25-emission water heaters in Mt CO2/a
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8
Urgency 2020 !
-20
EU target 20/20/20 vs. 1990 EuP boilers
and water heaters ? gt25 of the target EuP
EPB space water heat? 40-50 of the target
carbon
-20
energy
2020
target year

Act Now !!
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Targets

• Proposed measures are
• A good investment cost effective savings
• 2020 Savings
• 60 MT CO² by 2020
• 1-2 of EU Energy Demand
• Essential to overall 2020 targets

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Pan-European Synergy Opportunities

• Physics is universal ? Best Practice For All
• EU-Single Market ? Mass-production and
  mass-application of high efficiency solutions
• EU climate differences dont stand in the way

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11
-0,5
3
EU climate (weighted average Oct.-Apr).
3
1,9
EU climate Heating season temperature Solar
annual
0,3
3
EE
3
0,9
7,6
LT
3
3,9
3
LI
0,5
3
7,6
3
3
6,5
3
4,3
3
2,4
3
6,7
3
3
7,4
3
3,6
5,6
3
4,5
3
3
4,6
3
6,9
4,6
3
5,6
3
5
9,9
4
3,8
13,5
5,3
3
5
4
11,3
12,9
4
Avg. hor. solar irradiance kWh/m2/d
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ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 1 2, BRUSSELS, 29.2.2008
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11
14,8
5
Avg. outdoor temperature Oct.-Apr. oC
13,5
14,4
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Case for Harmonization

• Product may come in several boxes, (Water Heater,
  solar panels etc.). But each box is a mass
  produced product.
• Usual advantages of single market and
  harmonization apply.
• National implementation will lead to 30 varying
  requirements, and limited response from
  manufacturers.

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Choice of implementation methods

• Labelling and Information
• 2. Ecodesign Minimum Efficiency Standards
• 3. Installation Requirements (EPBD)?
• 4. Subsidies, Tax rebates etc.

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Urgency 2020 !
-20
EU target 20/20/20 vs. 1990 EuP boilers
and water heaters ? gt25 of the target EuP
EPB space water heat? 40-50 of the target
carbon
-20
energy
2020
target year

Act Now !!
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Index
Part 2. Water Heaters
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2.1 Eco Design Requirements Water Heaters

• Rating on basis of how
• Energy efficiency of supplying relevant volume of
  hot water (tapping pattern) in an average EU
  building
• Model to correct difference between measurement
  methods, and to allow for (some) distribution
  losses.

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2.1 Eco Design and EPBD Requirements Water
Heaters

• Use of Renewables in electric Water Heaters
• Cost effective (LLCC) from size M, but not S (so
  in middle of mass market)
• Available technology (but only small
  scale production)?
• Technically difficult/expensive to install
  (in some buildings)?
• MS to manage their Market Transformation,
• But need for mass production/harmonization

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Load profiles water heating
Derived from prEN 50440 electric storage and EN
13203-2/3 gas/solar
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2.1 Eco Design and EPBD Requirements Water
Heaters

• Efficiency Limits
• WD1 (February)?
• Limits in Ecodesign (minor
  exceptions in EPBD)?
• WD2/3 (February)?
• Ecodesign Limits
• best electric resistance heaters
• Renewables (electric) for largest Water Heaters
  (XXL -4XL)?
• EPBD Limits Requires renewables
• (but exceptions when not cost effective)?

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2.1 Eco Design and EPBD Requirements Water
Heaters
Ecodesign Minimum Specific Efficiency (from
Model)?
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2.1 Eco Design and EPBD Requirements Water
Heaters
Minimum Specific Efficiency (from Model)?
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2.1 Eco Design and EPBD Requirements Water
Heaters
Minimum Speific Efficiency (from Model)?
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2.2 Water Heater Energy Label Classes
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2.3 Water Heater National Installation Limits

• Partial Harmonization
• Member States
• To ensure appropriate sizing
• Free to set higher installation limits but
  should correspond to labelling limits
• Thus - For any installation building owner should
  be given a choice of installing water heaters
  that correspond to certain labelling
  efficiency/size classes.
• Free to set their own system elements not in
  water heater (e.g.insulation of distribution
  pipes)?

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2.3 Water Heater National Installation Limits
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2.4 Water Heater size Limits

• Need for size limits
• Requirements get stricter for larger sizes
  incentive to install supersized M when XL is
  needed (particularly important. But
• Water demand varies over time, meeting standard
  tapping cycle will give to little hot water on
  some days.
• Limits imposed by
• Member States ensuring appropriate sizing
• Limit on size of water heater in terms of volume
  (XXS- S)?
• Limit on ability to perform higher tapping cycles
  (2 size categories)?

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2.5 Water Heater EPBD Other possible elements

• Member States should
• Centralized/Decentralized
• Should set rules relating to the choice between
  centralized and decentralized hot water systems.
• Building Certificates/Water heater inspection
  etc.
• Should include information on the savings from
  replacing existing water heater with one with
  efficiency at
• Class A
• Minimum level allowed

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2.6 Water Heater conformity Assessment

• Elements
• New Modules recently adopted.
• Large potential savings need for greater
  security of results (so Notified bodies, osule A2
  etc.)?
• New products need for stricter assessment.
• Possible requirement Sizes
• XXS-XS - Module A
• S L - A2 or Notified body(BC)?
• XL -4XL - Notified body(BC)?
• Not using harmonized standard Notified body
• Impact assessment Study to look into details

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2.7 Water Heater Verification Procedure

• Verification procedure
• As previously discussed
• Limits under Ecodesign Requirements or Energy
  Labelling threshold- Maximum values.
• Other information (for example the data input
  defined in Annex IV) margin for production
  variation of (say) 7.
• To be replaced by harmonized methods when
  developed

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2.7 Water Heater Verification Procedure

• Test protocol
• Test 1 model, if test result exceeds limit, then
• Test 3 further models
• There shall be no need to re-test the value of
  all parameters in the second set of tests, only
  those that exceed maximum value for the first
  unit.

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2.7 Water Heater Verification Procedure

• Proof of Failure
• Ecodesign requirements and Energy Labelling
  Thresholds
• Test values for the first unit, and average test
  values for the second set of tests, exceed the
  limit by
• Water Heater 4
• NOx emissions 4
• OR
• An analysis based on the test error of the
  relevant test house for the test(s) in question
  that shows that the probability a correctly
  declared model, could have had the test results,
  or worse, is very low.

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2.7 Water Heater Verification Procedure

• Proof of Failure
• Declared values
• Test values for the first unit, and average test
  values for the second set of tests, differ from
  declared value by more than 7

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2.7 Water Heater Verification Comments

• 4 to low for
• Small tapping cycles
• Nox (at 20 ppm)?
• New standards

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2.8 Water Heater - Annex IV
See separate presentation
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2.8 Water Heater - Annex IV Climate variation

• Adjustment for climate differences implies
  barriers to trade
• same product has different rating depending on
  where installed.
• Danger of 'Best' driving out the Good if
• optimizing for small climate differences(e.g. of
  5) takes precedence over
• designing better products (Energy rating
  bandwidth 15)?

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2.8 Water Heater - Annex IV Climate variation

• Annex IV base on average EU climate
• For constant hot Water Load for most products
  climate variations make only small differences.
• (NB household with same water demand will need
  bigger water heater in Finland (cold water 5C)
  than in Italy (cold water 15C)?

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2.8 Water Heater - Annex IV Climate variation

• Possible products with 'large' variation
• outside air based heat pumps, in 'Artic' areas
  temperatures often below 0-5C, and
• Solar systems, which will work better in
  'Tropical' areas where solar flux is
  significantly higher (5 kWh/day m² rather than 3
  kWh/day m²).
• High quality solar systems (e.g. with vacuum
  insulated collectors) will already work well in
  areas with the lower level of solar flux.

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-0,5
3
EU climate (weighted average Oct.-Apr).
3
1,9
EU climate Heating season temperature Solar
annual
0,3
3
EE
3
0,9
7,6
LT
3
3,9
3
LI
0,5
3
7,6
3
3
6,5
3
4,3
3
2,4
3
6,7
3
3
7,4
3
3,6
5,6
3
4,5
3
3
4,6
3
6,9
4,6
3
5,6
3
5
9,9
4
3,8
13,5
5,3
3
5
4
11,3
12,9
4
Avg. hor. solar irradiance kWh/m2/d
3
ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 1 2, BRUSSELS, 29.2.2008
5
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14,8
5
Avg. outdoor temperature Oct.-Apr. oC
13,5
14,4
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2.8 Water Heater - Annex IV Climate variation
Possible strategy Difference between Standard
and Artic and/or Tropical rating lt
15/Labelling Bandwidth - Use Standard
rating gt 15/Labelling Bandwidth - then 'Artic'
and or 'Tropical' rating may be used (in
Ecodesign,energy Labelling, EPBD Installation
requirements)?
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2.8 Water Heater Climate variation - comments

• EHI .No climate zones in Ecodesing, acceptabel if
  needed in
• NGOs should allow for climate differences

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2.8 Water Heater Heat Pump

• EHI .GWP condition on heat pumps should be
  dropped
• NGOs Should have more complete treatment of GWP
  of Heat Pump fluid.

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2.9 Water Heater - Emissions

• Significant Emissions in use phase of
• NOx
• ii) CO
• iii) Hydrocarbons
• iv) Particulates
• But
• measurement methods unrealistic (steady state)?
• need to develop dynamic measurement methods.
• apart from NOx see separate slides

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2.9 Water Heater - Emissions

• NGOs should include Methane But measurement
  problems

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2.10 Water Heater - Scope

• As before
• All Electric, Gas, Oil Water Heaters (inc Solar
  Heat Pump)?
• (Combis, Hot Water Cylinders willl be dealt
  with in further Working documents.)?
• Not (yet) covered in annex IV
• Micro CHP, CO² heat pump, etc.
• These new products to be included when
• Harmonized standard adopted, or
• Amendment to annex IV
• Then transition period (12 months)?

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2.10 Water Heater - Scope

• NGOs should WH using waste water
• OK when measurement methods developed.

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2.10 Water Heater - Benchmarks

• As before
• Energy efficiency
• XXS-S A
• S-4XL A
• NOx Emissions
• less than 20ppm
• NGOs Should add benchmarks for
• GWP (HP fluid refrigerant)?
• Methane leakage

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Index
Thank you !
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