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Meteorology 5

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Title: Meteorology 5


1
Meteorology 5
2
  • SURFACE and UPPER CHART comparison
  • JET STREAM
  • METAR
  • TIME ZONES
  • WINDS, VISIBILITY WEATHER
  • OBSCURATION SKY CONDITION
  • FDs, SIGMET, PIREP
  • GFA or Area Forecast

3
Surface Chart / note fronts isobars
4
STANDARD PRESSURE SURFACES
  • 850 mb 5000 feet asl
  • 700 10000
  • 500 18000
  • 400 24000
  • 300 30000
  • 250 34000
  • 200 40000
  • 150 45000
  • 100 53000

5
Upper chart/ note no fronts. Also, Isobars are
replaced by contour lines STEEP PRESSURE GRADIENT
GIVES HIGHER WIND SPEEDS
6
JET STREAM
Pg 12-11
Pg 12-13
7
Low Level Nocturnal Jet
Pg 11-13
40 KNOTS
8
METAR
  • METAR CYVR 222200Z CCA 18018G35 1SM R24/5000FT/D
    SN BLSN
  • BKN010 OVC050 M05/M11 A2992 REFZDZ WS RWY24 RMK
    SF6SC2
  • VIS ½ TO W SLP122

9
TIME ZONES
  • DAYLIGHT SAVINGS TIME WOULD BE ONE HOUR LESS
  • SPRING FORWARD AND FALL BACK
  • INVENTED BY A CANADIAN

10
WIND AND GUST GROUP
  • WIND DIRECTION VARIATION is coded into remarks
    if
  • 60O OR MORE AND 3 KNOTS OR MORE OF WIND FOR LAST
    2 MINUTES ie. 240V320
  • A VARIATION OVER THE LAST 10 MINUTES PRIOR TO THE
    OBSERVATION WOULD BE REPORTED PROVIDED 60O AND 3
    KNOTS OR MORE

11
Changing Winds
  • GUST - 5K higher than 2 minute average
  • Highest peak must be at least 15 k
  • SQUALL - 15K higher than 2 minute mean average
  • I minute mean of at least 20 k
  • After max must decrease by 5 k
  • SHIFT - 45O change or more
  • Change in less than 15 minutes
  • Average at end of wind shift at least 10 k

12
Wind Gust
13
VISIBILITY
14
FLIGHT VIS vs GROUND VIS
FLIGHT often worse vis thanGROUND
15
PRESENT WEATHER
16
PRESENT WEATHER
17
PRESENT WEATHER
18
OBSCURING PHENOMENA
19
VC 5 statute miles
REPORTED REGARDLESS
20
SKY CONDITION
21
REMARKS
Pressure tendency usually in remarks.
22
SKY CONDITION
  • Clear SKC 0/8
  • Few FEW trace, 1/8 to 2/8
  • Scattered SCT 3/8 to 4/8
  • Broken BKN 5/8 to 7/8
  • Overcast OVC 8/8

23
CEILING
  • Broken BKN 5/8 to 7/8
  • Overcast OVC 8/8

24
TORONTO BUTTONVILLE
  • METAR CYKZ 251700Z 03008KT 10SM BKN050 OVC250
    M08/M15 A2982 RMK SC6CI2 SLP114
  • METAR CYKZ 251800Z 35009KT 9SM BKN050 OVC240
    M08/M13 A2977 RMK SC5CI3 SLP095
  • METAR CYKZ 251900Z 01009KT 7SM BKN040 BKN240
    M08/M13 A2977 RMK SC5CI2 SLP095
  • TAF CYKZ 251630Z 251705 05005KT P6SM SCT025
    BKN250 TEMPO 1719 5SM HZ BKN020 BECMG 1921
    35012KT FM0300Z 35015G25KT P6SM SCT025 BKN120
    TEMPO 0305 BKN025RMK NXT FCST BY 23Z

25
Change Terms
  • PROB is only used for 30 or 40 probability.

26
FDs - low level
  • FCST BASED ON 251200 DATA VALID 251800 FOR USE
    17-21 3000 6000 9000 12000
    18000
  • YAM 0117 3613-19 9900-21 9900-26 2408-35
  • note the backing winds in the
    descent over Ottawa
  • YOW 0720 0814-13 1109-12 1614-15 1934-22
  • YQG 3309 3109-14 2707-16 2313-20 2232-28
  • YVV 0606 0305-15 9900-17 2016-20 2039-28
  • YYB 0406 9900-16 2009-17 2020-20 2043-28
  • YYZ 0410 0506-13 9900-13 1909-17 1927-25

27
ACTUAL LAPSE RATE
  • METAR CYKZ 251900Z 01009KT 7SM BKN040 BKN240
    M08/M13 A2977 RMK SC4CI2 SLP095
  • FCST BASED ON 251200 DATA VALID 251800 FOR USE
    17-21 3000 6000 9000 12000
  • YYZ 0410 0506-13 9900-13 1909-17

6000 -13 650 -08 Lapse is roughly
1o/1,000 ft
28
SIGMET
Significant Meteorological Report
  • WSCN31 CWTO 250430
  • SIGMET A1 VALID 250430/250830
  • LN TSTMS 30NM WIDE MAX TOPS 400 OBSRVD AT 0400Z
    FROM
  • LONDON-TORONTO-PETERBOROUGH. LN MOVG SWD ABT 20
  • KTS AND INTSFYG. TSTMS MOVG OUT OF AREA BY 0730Z.

29
PIREP
  • UA/OV CYHM 1235 FL050/
  • TP C172/SK 030 OVC 045/
  • TA -04/WV 240016/TB LGT/
  • IC LGT/RM FROPA 10 MI W

30
PIREP report Mixed Icing
31
GFA
  • Issued at 2330Z, 0530Z, 1130Z and 1730Z
  • Covers 12 hours with a 12 hour IFR outlook
  • Country covered with 7 GFA areas
  • Heights are feet above sea level
  • Section 3 of MET in AIP
  • Minimum of 5k to have speed be indicated
  • CU, TCU, CB and ACC will be indicated
  • Winds less than 20 k usually not shown
  • Amended GFA shows CCA, etc in title box

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VALID 1800Z
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