NEBOSH General Certificate Unit 16

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NEBOSH General CertificateUnit 16

• Monitoring,
• Review
• Audit

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Session Aims

• An understanding of the proactive and reactive
  monitoring systems
• An understanding of the scope and nature of a
  health and safety audit

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Learning Objectives

• To be able to use a variety of proactive and
  reactive monitoring procedures
• To be able to carry out a workplace inspection
  produce action plan
• Use different types of safety inspection
• To be able to review performance
• Explain meaning and preparations needed for an
  audit

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The Main Elements in HS(G) 65
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Safety CultureIndicators

• Accidents
• Absenteeism
• Sickness Rates
• Staff Turnover
• Legislation Compliance
• Staff Complaints

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Safety CultureSafe Person

• Competent Person
• Communicates with workers by providing
• Safety Briefings that stress safety when giving
  work instructions
• Encouragement via a reward scheme or pat on the
  back
• Feedback on hazard identification and control
  measures in place
• Information, Instruction, Training Supervision
• Co-operation
• Control

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Job Safety Analysis

• Cradle to grave approach to a specific task
• Identify and evaluate the risks involved in that
  task
• Break down the task into sections
• Evaluate each section and decide on the control
  measures necessary to reduce the associated risks
• Hazards - Risk - Likelihood - Severity
• Practicable or Reasonably Practicable

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Inspections AuditsHazard Operability Studies
(HAZOP)

• Used in potentially high-risk industries such as
  a petro-chemical plant
• Based on what if questioning - What if
• The pump fails?
• The flow rate detector mis-reads?
• The gas supply is interrupted?

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Why Monitor?

• The Management of Health Safety at Work
  Regulations 1992 - Regulation 5
• Every employer shall make and give effect to
  such arrangements as are appropriate, having
  regard to the nature of his activities and the
  size of his undertaking, for the effective
  planning, organisation, control, monitoring and
  review of the preventive and protective measures

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Monitoring

• Proactive - The systematic inspection of plant
  and premises. Checking to ensure that your
  standards are being maintained.
• Reactive - Something has gone wrong. Standards
  have not been maintained or a control measure has
  failed.

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Monitoring

• Proactive - look at what is actually happening
  compared to what is written in plans and
  standards.
• Reactive - events direct us to look again at
  control measures
• accidents
• near misses
• dangerous occurrences
• ill-health
• complaints by the workforce
• enforcement action

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Reactive
Active
Assess action needed to deal with immediate risk
Assess level and nature of investigation needed
Investigate
Results Analysis
Review Process
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Inspections

• A physical inspection of premises, plant and
  equipment. Undertaken by
• Directors / Supervisors / Line Managers
• Health Safety Advisor
• Joint teams of managers and employees
• Safety Representatives
• Inspecting either together or working separately
  and then comparing notes

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Proactive Monitoring

• Safety Audits - Thorough, systematic and critical
  examination of systems and procedures
• Workplace Inspections - Physical inspection of
  the workplace or aspects of the workplace
• Safety Surveys - Detailed investigation of of one
  aspect of the workplace
• Safety Tours - Brief examination of one or more
  aspect of the workplace
• Safety Sampling - Inspection limited to a
  specific area or aspect of the workplace e.g.
  fire doors

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Proactive MonitoringSafety Audits

• A safety audit is A thorough, systematic and
  critical examination of safety management systems
  and procedures
• It should
• Asses the quality implementation of the
  safety policy
• Identify potential risks and their associated
  control measures
• Analyse workplace activities and assess if they
  are being carried out safely

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Proactive MonitoringSafety Representatives

• The Safety Representatives Safety Committee
  Regulations 1977
• Safety Representatives may conduct inspections in
  the following circumstances
• After substantial changes to plant and equipment
• After substantial changes in processes or methods
• Following notifiable accident or dangerous
  occurrence
• Following notifiable disease

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Proactive MonitoringSafety Survey

• A safety survey is a detailed investigation of
  one aspect of the workplace. Could be a survey
  of
• Noise
• Dust
• Temperature
• Lighting
• Fumes and/or Vapours

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Proactive MonitoringSafety Tour

• A safety tour is a brief examination of one or
  more aspects of workplace activities Could be
  conducted by a small management team to
• Display commitment to health and safety
• Gain familiarisation with layout
• Compare theory with reality
• Plan future series of inspections
• Meet the staff

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Proactive MonitoringSafety Sampling

• Safety sampling is limited to certain areas or
  aspects of the workplace. Could be an inspection
  of all
• Fire doors
• Prohibition signs (Red White)
• Mandatory signs (Blue White)
• Safety signs (Green White)
• PPE
• Electrical portable appliances
• Washrooms toilets
• All canteen facilities

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Reactive Monitoring

• Something has gone wrong. Standards have not
  been maintained or a control measure has failed.
  We are now involved with reporting of
• Injuries and cases of ill health
• Near-misses
• Hazards
• Weaknesses or omissions in performance standards
• Enforcement action by HSE or Local Auth

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Safety AuditFootball Club

• Considerations
• Equipment
• Chemicals
• Traffic
• Buildings
• Fire Precautions
• Electricity Supply Electrical Equipment
• Ground Location Layout
• Visitors
• Labour
• Documentation

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Safety AuditIndependent Expertise

• An independent expert can be
• Engineering Surveyors
• Insurance Company Staff
• Insurance Brokers
• Claims Investigators
• Consultants
• Health Safety Inspectors
• Local Authority Inspectors

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Inspections AuditsPrioritising Results -
Action Plan

• Likelihood x Severity Risk Rating
• Urgent - Requiring immediate action
• Routine - Requiring action over a period of time
• Football Club Urgent
• Wiring for lights in the shower room
• Use of equipment
• Football Club Routine
• Soakaways from the showers
• Improved system for control of contractors

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Audits InspectionsFrequency

• Depends on the workplace environment and the
  nature of the associated hazards. Rule of thumb
• Audit - Annually or every 2 to 3 years
• Inspections - More frequently (monthly or every
  few months)
• Note Frequency should be detailed in the
  company safety policy

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Report Writing

• Senior Mangers need to know what they need to do,
  by when how much it will cost
• Use executive summaries
• Findings linked to an action plan (SMART)
• Spread responsibility for action
• Have an different person for each action to
  ensure action plan is completed progress is
  monitored

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Effective Writing

• Who will read it?
• What are the aims?
• What layout is required?
• What style is appropriate?
• What are the terms of reference?

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Style

• Short Sentences - KISS
• Short Words - No Jargon
• Active Verbs
• Technical Terms / Acronyms
• Repetition - Avoid
• Visual Aids - Charts, Graphs or Pictures
• Examples

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Drafts

• Brain storm jot down your thoughts.
• Expand your thoughts.
• Discard irrelevant issues.
• Read it as if you were receiving it.
• Read it aloud to check for tone.
• Simplify the content (no long words).
• Check all verbs - are they necessary?

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Report Writing

• Introduction - Your terms of reference.
• Summary - Short outline of important points
• Method - What you did to comply with your terms
  of reference.
• Findings - A logical list of what you found.
• Conclusions - Nothing new at this stage.
• Recommendations - Relevant achievable.