Joint Application Design Gail Corbitt, PhD

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Joint Application DesignGail Corbitt, PhD

• MINS208
• Fall 2000

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JAD Objectives

• Define what JAD is
• Determine key Characteristics
• Define eJAD and EJAD

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Joint Application Development (JAD)

• developed by IBM in 1977-1980
• series of highly structured workshops to
• Plan the development process
• Define the user requirements
• Refine requirements and create detailed design
  (prototype)

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JAD Characteristics/Assumptions

• Group or Team based
• no one person has all the answers
• group needs to agree on issues
• Facilitated Meetings by Trained Facilitator
• Participation by IS Team is optional
• Presence of IS Team is mandatory

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Traditional JAD roles

• executive sponsor (user sponsor)
• facilitator
• scribe
• end-users and managers of end users
• IS professionals (non-participants)

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Why Deal with Groups

• Project teams are the fundamental unit of work in
  business today.
• Groups (users, managers, project team members)
  all represent groups that must be managed
  throughout a project

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Benefits of Groups(Process Gains)

• A group has more information than any one
  individual in that group
• Groups understand problems better
• Members have more buy-in
• Groups are better at catching errors
• Synergy may occur
• Risk is balanced

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Problems with Groups(Process Losses)

• Low participation
• Fear of retribution
• Fear of embarrassment
• Low commitment to decision
• Dominance by few
• Groupthink

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Managing Groups

• Communication Strategies
• establish norms
• Defining Productivity
• expectations
• Motivation
• identify reward structure
• Critical Success Factors
• identify key events/activities that must occur

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Using Groupware for JAD

• Executive sponsor - owner of the system
• Session leader - task facilitator
• Scribe computer system
• records all decisions made
• records all unresolved problems that need
  escalation
• Participants (always users -- sometimes analysts)

CSU Chico
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Using Groupware for JAD

• Documented Benefits
• Simplifies meeting process
• Defined ways to make decisions
• Quantifies (records) results
• Clarifies problems and conflicts through
  iteration multiple views
• Unifies user community
• Higher satisfaction than traditional methods

CSU Chico
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Using Groupware for JAD

• Prior to JAD starting
• System purpose and scope are defined
• Executive sponsor has defined objectives/outcomes
• User list is provided and confirmed
• Broad definition of functions constraints are
  provided
• Assumptions are defined

CSU Chico
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In Which Phase is JAD Useful
Identify Problem
Determine Information Requirements
Implement and Evaluate
Analyze System Needs
Design Recommend
Testing Maintain
Develop Document
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Using Groupware for JAD

• Define current problems that an information
  system can correct
• Define information requirements
• Define functional requirements
• Define data needed to produce information and
  support functions (events)
• React to prototype if included with JAD

CSU Chico
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Using Groupware for JAD

• Mission Analysis and Project Initiation
• State Problems
• Validate the need for a new system
• Determine user assumptions/expectations Define
  the system constraints
• Recommend sources for alternatives (where can we
  find solutions)

CSU Chico
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Using Groupware for JAD

• Information requirements questions
• What information is needed from the system in
  order to meet your needs?
• What objects in and around the environment of
  this system do you need to know about?
• What information can solve the current problems?
• What outputs are needed from this system?

CSU Chico
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Using Groupware for JAD

• Functional requirements questions
• What events does the system need to support?
• What work does the system need to do?
• What services are created or initiated by the
  objects around the system?
• To what factors in the environment does the
  system need to respond?

CSU Chico
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Using Groupware for JAD

• Data requirements questions
• What data are available that need to be in the
  system?
• What are the attributes of the objects defined in
  the information requirements?
• What do we need to know about the processes that
  use the system?

CSU Chico
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Using GS to do JAD

• You have been asked to develop a web based system
  for Student Advising. Please, identify the main
  components of the system.

CSU Chico