Geol 465 Intro to GIS

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Geol 465- Intro to GIS Geographic Information
Systems
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Evaluation

• Grades are based on two exams and completion of
  assignments in the lab part of the class
• Midterm Exam is 18 of grade each
• Final exam is 36 of grade
• Labs are 36 of grade

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Lab exercises

• Software and hardware needed to complete lab
  exercises are available in this room (SC3211)
• Files needed to complete the exercises are
  available from myself or from a wide range of
  online sources

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What is GIS?

• A tool to be used by researchers
• System involves collected, tabulated, processed,
  analyzed geographical data used to solve,
  diagnose or prevent problems
• Maps are heavily utilized
• Not the only means of portraying information
• Differs from a CAD system or a CAC system
• Arguably more powerful due to ability to generate
  DERIVATIVE data sets from pre-existing data

Computer Aided Design Computer Aided
Construction
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Subsystems for GIS

• Data input and Preprocessing
• Transformation of spatial data types
• E.g., from topo lines to elevation data points
• Data storage and retrieval
• Data manipulation and analysis
• Modeling, simulations, estimates
• Lloyd expressway example
• Data reporting and display of information
• Tabular, graph-based, or map based

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Information systems
Non-spatial
Spatial
Management systems
Geographic Info Systems
Nongeographic
LIS
Other systems
CAD/CAM
Computer Aided Manufacturing
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Digital data

• Has benefits over analog (non-digital) data
• Photographic example
• Rectification- alignment to coordinate system

Unrectified
Rectified
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Digital data

• Continuous data sets are not easily represented
• Example topographic map data
• Analog maps versus Digital elevation models

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Topographic map grid
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Same image as previous one, grid cells are shaded
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Same image as previous two, just rotated to
vertical
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Georectified aerial and satellite photographs
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Overlaying vector based maps to create derivative
maps
Color is attribute as is alphabetic designation
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Layers of geographic information, which in turn
can create new layers of data
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Soils layer
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Land Use Layer
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Topographic layer
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Watershed boundaries layers
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Tiger file layer
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Point specific layers
Point source pollution
Weather stations