Title: Geol 465 Intro to GIS
1Geol 465- Intro to GIS Geographic Information
Systems
2Evaluation
- Grades are based on two exams and completion of
assignments in the lab part of the class - Midterm Exam is 18 of grade each
- Final exam is 36 of grade
- Labs are 36 of grade
3Lab exercises
- Software and hardware needed to complete lab
exercises are available in this room (SC3211) - Files needed to complete the exercises are
available from myself or from a wide range of
online sources
4What is GIS?
- A tool to be used by researchers
- System involves collected, tabulated, processed,
analyzed geographical data used to solve,
diagnose or prevent problems - Maps are heavily utilized
- Not the only means of portraying information
- Differs from a CAD system or a CAC system
- Arguably more powerful due to ability to generate
DERIVATIVE data sets from pre-existing data
Computer Aided Design Computer Aided
Construction
5Subsystems for GIS
- Data input and Preprocessing
- Transformation of spatial data types
- E.g., from topo lines to elevation data points
- Data storage and retrieval
- Data manipulation and analysis
- Modeling, simulations, estimates
- Lloyd expressway example
- Data reporting and display of information
- Tabular, graph-based, or map based
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11Information systems
Non-spatial
Spatial
Management systems
Geographic Info Systems
Nongeographic
LIS
Other systems
CAD/CAM
Computer Aided Manufacturing
12Digital data
- Has benefits over analog (non-digital) data
- Photographic example
- Rectification- alignment to coordinate system
Unrectified
Rectified
13Digital data
- Continuous data sets are not easily represented
- Example topographic map data
- Analog maps versus Digital elevation models
14Topographic map grid
15Same image as previous one, grid cells are shaded
16Same image as previous two, just rotated to
vertical
17Georectified aerial and satellite photographs
18Overlaying vector based maps to create derivative
maps
Color is attribute as is alphabetic designation
19Layers of geographic information, which in turn
can create new layers of data
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21Soils layer
22Land Use Layer
23Topographic layer
24Watershed boundaries layers
25Tiger file layer
26Point specific layers
Point source pollution
Weather stations