COFFEE BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS

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COFFEE BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
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Competition (Robusta/Arabica) (with other
regions)
Environment
Poverty
Sustainability
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But the coffee production chain is going through
a severe crisis, with prices at their lowest ever
In coffee AF system, Coffee is the main actor
as a cash crop
As a consequence, a strong socio economic
negative impact on the populations and countries
Can agroforestry play a role in facing the
problem of the coffee crisis?
(Can the tree help the bush?)
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The main object of our research

• The coffee bush under shade -

Coffee in pure culture is excluded (unless as
control or reference)
Any shading plant (trees or banana) For any use
Include C. arabica and C. canephora var.
Robusta No geographical restriction (unless
natural)
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QUALITY MARKET PROFITABILITY VALUE
ADDITION ENVIRONMENT
Coffee naturally belongs to forest ecosystems It
is well adapted to shade, and shade  bonafides 
the coffee beans
Trees can be the source of new income for coffee
farmers through production diversification
The coffee/tree association could help protect
the environment
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Coffee Agroforestry Systems
QUALITY
ENVIRONMENT
VALUE ADDITION
Biology Market studies Market organisation (intern
al / external) Certification
Biodiversity Soil preservation Water
management Ecology
Agronomy, pathology, molecular biology Farming
practices Diversification options Market
organisation (internal)
SUSTAINABLE ?
maybe, if market oriented and flexible. (?)
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 Les Indications Géographiques 

• Tools for rural development

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A global activity of 18 billion

• 15 of the CA generated by the food industry
  (IAA).
• A dominant export position of IG with 30 of
  the total from the food industry.

Total Production billion / 2001
Exportations billion / 2001
I.a.a. (1)
Products under IG. (2)
()
I.a.a. (1)
Products under IG. (2)
()
30
15
(1) Agro-food industries
(2) Appellation dOrigine Contrôlée (AOC),
Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP)
Source MAAPAR, INAO, CFCE
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IG product segmentation

• Wine is in first position of the french IG
  sector with 75 of the business generated by the
   Indications Géographiques .
• All products (wine, cheese, other), except
  spirits, show high growth rates, with an average
  of 6,8 / year over the 1997/2001 period.

CA 2001 /Mds
()
CA 1997 /Mds
TMCA 97 -2001 () (3)
5
6,6
1
4,7
11
5,2
8
0
IGP (1)
Others (2)
Cheeses
Spirits
75
8,1
Wines AOC
13,86
100
6,8
Total
18,06
(1) Indication Géographiques Protégées

1. fruits, vegetables, spices...

(3) Average annual growth rate
Source MAAPAR, INAO, ENITA Clermond-Fd
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IG sector characteristics stimulating rural
development

• With a total of 580 IG products, the sector
  represents 21 of the French farmers.
• The number of IG farmers increased by 14
  between 1997 et 2001, while the total number of
  farmers decreased by 4. IGs stimulate rural
  development.

Products
Producers ( 000)
Total France
IG farmers
Type Wine AOC Dairy prod. Others TOTAL
Numbert 450 43 22 65 580
Example St Emilion Champagne Comté,
Roquefort Olive oil, honey Poultry, fruits,
vegetables
1997 2001
1997 2001
(4)
14
Producers under IG 1997 18 2001 21
Source MAAPAR, INAO, ENITA Clermond-Fd
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Evolution of wine production

• Wines with IG represent, since 1994, more than
  50 of the total production.
• In a context of decreasing market (1 / year),
  the IG products continue to expand (2,4 /
  year).

TMCA 75 -2000 () (1)
Annual wine production ( 000 hl)
(1)
2,4
(2,9)
(1) Taux Moyen de Croissance Annuel
Source ONIVINS
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Market evolution
TMCA 97 -2001 () (1)
Indications Géographiques
6,8
4,2
PIB
3,7
I.a.a.
0,7
Production agricole
(1) aAverage annual growth rate
Source INAO, CNAOL, ENITA Clermond-Fd,
évaluation MAAPAR
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The sale prices of IG products are superior

• The IG sale price is higher than for comparative
  non-IG products. The difference pays for the
  extra production costs and sends a quality signal
  to the consumers. In the case of cheese, the
  average difference is 30.
• The difference may be much greater in the case
  of wine

Wine price (1) E/l
Cheese price (1) E/kg
A.O.C.
Other wine
A.O.C.
Other cheese
? 30
? 230
(1) basé sur les données export 99-2001
(1) basé sur panel SECODIP 2002
Source MAAPAR, ONIVINS, CFCE, INAO
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 Indications Géographiques  an added value for
the producers

• The price premium pays for the added production
  costs required for the special product

Price share of olive oil
Milk price at farm level
Non- AOC brand
? Compared to mean price
AOC
90
20 E/l
Sale price
35
30
15
14 E/l
5
-
Producer price

• The part going to the producer in both cases is
  about 60 of the sale price.
• In the case of AOC, the producer price is 50
  higher.

Brie de Maux
Moyenne nationale 2002
Beaufort
Reblochon
Comté
Maroilles
Source INRA, INAO, Huile dolive de Nyons
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The Camembert exemple

• The positive effect of the  Camembert de
  Normandie  AOC
• An enhanced sale price (25).
• Reduced losses in competition with supermarket
  brand.

Camembert price (E/u)
National brands
supermarket brand
others
A.O.C.
others
A.O.C.
? 25
? (11)
? (28)

• A 25 premium for the AOC product
• Reduced loss in competition with the
  supermarkets brand - (11) vs. (28)

Source INRA
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An example from Vietnam the Phu Quoc Nuoc Mam

• The implementation of an IG for the Phu Quoc
  Nuoc Mam in 2001 has increased the value of the
  product and attracted an international investor
  (Unilever) who invested 1 million US for a
  partnership with local producers

the Phu Quoc Nuoc Mam
The IG consequences

• Increased local price (from 0,5 to 1,5 E/l)

• An internationally renowned product
• 90 private industries produce the product on the
  island
• A production of 10 millions litres
• 0,5 million litres are exported
• 80 of sales in Japan and EU is smuggled in

2000
2003
X 3
2001, IG

• 1 M US investment by Unilever to built a Knorr
  factory
• IG / brand partnership, for local development
• IG an answer to smuggling.

Source Bureau National Interprofessionnel du
Cognac, UNDP
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Quality of different Honduran Coffees in Relation
to Several Environments.Decazy et al. Journal
of Food Science Vol. 68, 7, 2003
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Other parameters?

• Fermented
• Over-roasted
• Under-roasted
• Bad cup
• Insect damage
• Diseased
• Pulper nicked beans
• Water damaged
• Broken
• Coated
• Available quantity
• Season

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