Aquatize

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Aquatize

• Patented Technology
• For
• Animal Agriculture

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Aquatize, an EPA Approved Product

• A New and Powerful Aid in the Fight Against
  Infectious Pathogens that Lower Performance and
  Reduce Profits
• Maximum Profit Improvements at Minimum Cost

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What is Aquatize

• Patented Formulation that Yields Stabilized
  Sodium Chlorite and Sodium Chlorate Oxidizing
  Agents
• Oxidizing Power equaling Chlorine dioxide at
  Safety better than Bleach
• One possible intermediate found in the product,
  TCDO, is well-known as a potential therapeutic
  for wound healing in people

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Aquatize

• Where Is It Used ?
• In Swine, Poultry, Dairy Production.
• Drinking Water.
• Process Water

• What Does It Do?
• Reduces Pathogen Levels in Drinking Water.
• Lowers Negative Impact of Pathogens on Intestine
  of Animals During Grow Out.
• Reduces Pathogen Load During Feed Withdrawal
  Before Processing.

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Killing Pathogens with Aquatize? (AOACs
Standardized Tests were Required to Obtain EPA
Approval to Sell Aquatize)

• Bacteria that can be listed on the Aquatize
  Label
• Campylobacter jejuni
• Escherichia coli
• E. coli 0157H7
• Listeria monogytogenes
• Pasteurella multocida
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Salmonella enteridis
• Salmonella typhimurium
• Shigella sonnet
• Streptococcus faecalis
• Streptococcus suis

• Anecdotal Field Information of Other Bacteria
  Viruses killed in vivo
• Newcastle disease virus in broilers
• Bordetella avium, turkeys
• Salmonella typhimurium in broilers

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Aquatize? Research Involving Pathogens Was
Conducted at

• The AOAC Tests for EPA registration approval
  were conducted by ABC Research
• Newcastle Disease Virus research was reported by
  Embrex Corp at Southern Poultry Science Conf,
  1999
• Bordetella avium research was conducted at
  N.C.State by Dr. S.L.Pardue, Avian Dis. 42140,
  98.

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Which Bacteria are Inactivated by Aquatize and
Why?

• Proteobacteria (most of those on the approved
  list)
• In the absence of Oxygen (in the gut) these
  bacteria use Nitrate, Sulfate, or Carbon Dioxide
  as Electron Acceptors and generate huge extra
  energy to maintain life. The first step of the
  process is to get one of these Electron Acceptors
  inside the cells. Many enzymes and other
  macromolecules are involved in this process.
• To move the alternate electron acceptors into
  their cells, the bacteria have an enzyme system
  on their surface that normally identifies, binds
  and transports (Nitrate, 1 of the electron
  acceptors) inside the cell where it is reduced in
  form to Nitrite (the product). Cells use Nitrite
  for a lot of different purposes.
• The Lactic Acid Bacteria and many other Enteric
  bacteria do not have this capability.

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Bacteria That are Spared in the Presence of
Aquatize?

• Any Bacteria lacking Cytochromes, Porphyrins,
  and/or Respiratory Enzymes are not usually killed
  by Aquatize?
• Intestinal Types of Lactic Acid Bacteria of the
  Genera, for example
• Streptococcus
• Leuconostoc
• Pediococcus
• Lactococcus
• Enterococcus
• Lactobacillus

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Where How does Aquatize? Enter Into This
Scheme?(Based on Extensive Scientific Literature)

• At least 1 ingredient in Aquatize? is recognized
  by the transporting enzymes on the surface of the
  pathogens. This ingredient competes with Nitrate
  for this membrane enzyme system. Thus, the
  enzymes bind, transport and reduce the Aquatize?
  ingredients, but instead of depositing Nitrite,
  they
• Deposit the product of the enzyme action on the
  Aquatize? ingredient, an oxidizing agent, inside
  the cell. However, this new and foreign product
  can not participate in subsequent metabolism, and
  
• The surrounding cellular machinery is oxidized by
  the offending foreign product.

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What Other Cells Are Spared?

• Animal Cells
• They do not have an enzyme system to transport
  the alternate competing substrate for electron
  acceptor roles into the interior of the cells.
• The impact of Aquatize? is thus minimized on
  animal cells.

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Proposed Model of Killing Mechanism
Aquatize
Enzyme Present
Enzyme Absent
Death
Survival
Pathogens
Non-pathogens Animal Cells
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How is Aquatize? Used in the Field?

• It is Injected in or Added to the drinking water
  of animals, if the drinking water is contaminated
  with bacteria.
• For chicken grow-out operations, a dilution of
  12000 to 12500 is used during weeks 1, 2 or
  even 3 in heavily contaminated drinking water,
  and then
• Diluted to 15000 during weeks 3, 4 5 (and 6,
  swine)
• To reduce the bacterial count of the intestine
  prior to harvest, a 11000 dilution is used
  during the last 6-10 hours prior to catching the
  birds

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How to Make Aquatize Dilutions

• Stock Solutions
• 1 quart per 5 gallons 1 20 dilution
• 1 pint per 5 gallons 1 40 dilution
• Medicator Settings for injecting Stocks
• 1128 injection of 120 stock 12,500
• Use for 1 to 2 weeks, and 3 if heavily
  contaminated water
• 1128 injection of 140 stock 15,000
• Use for remainder of growout, if water is heavily
  contaminated

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Has Aquatize? performed well in industry tests?
Some reports to follow

• 1. Unique Nature of Aquatize?
• 2. Two Accredited Broiler Tests
• 3. Field Demonstration in Chickens
• 4. Accredited Swine Tests
• 5. A Testimonial From Field Work

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Aquatize? is at least 40-fold more powerful than
pure Sodium Chlorite (Laboratory Microbiology
Tests)
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What Happens In Broiler Chicks?

• Highly Replicated Pen Trials
• with Aquatize?
• Conducted by PARC Inst.
• 1. Entire Grow-Out
• 2. In Withdrawal Period Prior to Catch
• 3. In Necrotic Enteritis Modeling using
  21-day old Chicks

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Impact of Aquatize? (A) vs. Household Bleach on
Mortality in Broilers(Test from Day 1-45)
3 ppm Bleach
Percent ()
Aquatize Dilutions, A-
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Grow-out Test ContinuedWeight (lb) Conversion
of Aquatize? vs. Household Bleach in Broilers
(Different letters indicate statistically
significantly different values).
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Aquatize? Only in Last Few Hours Before Catch
Haul of 46-Day-Old Broilers
At most, Aquatize kills _at_ 78 of the intestinal
bacteria
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Aquatize? and Necrotic Enteritis with Dual
Infection of Coccidia and Clostridia, test
conducted by Dr. McNaughton at PARC Inst.
Broilers, 21-day study
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Aquatize? in Field Trial at Eastern USA Poultry
Company, Used at a dilution 12000 for 3 weeks,
then 15000 for rest of grow-out
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Proof of Aquatize? in Nursery Pigs

• Severely Challenged per os with Pathogenic
• E. coil and Salmonella

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Aquatize? (A) and Household Bleach (C) for
Infected Swine

• Young pigs, 6 Kg each, were infected with 1 MM E.
  coli and 20,000 Salmonella per pig
• 10 Pens of 6 Males/pen were in each Treatment
  Group
• Length of test was 35 days

• Treatment Groups
• Infected Control , T1
• Uninfected Control, T2
• Infected, 12000 A, T3
• Infected, 15000 A, T4
• Infected, 12000 A 2 wk and 15000 3 wk, T5
• Infected, 3 ppm C, T6

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Mortality Weight Gain with Aquatize? vs.
Bleach in Infected Pigs
- Controls
Percent or Kilogram
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Feed Conversion and Aquatize? in Infected Pigs

• Infection worsened F/G by 6.8
• Aquatize, 12000 (T3) for 5 weeks overcame
  impact of infection
• Aquatize 12000 (2 wk) and 15000 (3 wk) (T5)
  overcame infection
• 3 ppm Bleach (T6) was almost useless

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Testimonial from the field,In Quotations and Bold
Dear Dr. Fodge, We did a test of Aquatize at a
pig nursery farm and got a beautiful result. We
took a sample of the customers water supply and
tested for bacteria contamination, and then we
started using Aquatize and retested after
startup. Aquatize reduced E.coli in the
drinking water from 43 mpn/100ml to less than
3mpn/100ml and reduced total Coliform bacteria
from 460 mpn/100ml to less than 3mpn/100ml. When
we began using Aquatize at thefarm the pigs had
much less diarrhea. Aquatize is a very effective
product. Best regards, Damrongrak,
Marketing Manager, April, 2006
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What are the Results with Aquatize

• Improved Feed Conversion
• Improved Average Daily Gain
• Decreased Susceptibility of Animals to Pathogen
  Challenge
• Potential Reduction in Antibiotic Use
• Improved Gut Integrity
• Lower Pathogen Load During Feed Withdrawal and
  Processing

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Take Home MessageHypothesis for Why Aquatize?
Doesnt Kill All the Bacteria in the Gut!

• Because the substances in Aquatize? that kill
  microbes can only get inside those bacteria that
  have an enzyme system on their surface that can
  bind, transport and reduce nitrate to nitrite
• Many gut bacteria do not possess this ability