East Asia 1300_1900

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East Asia1300_1900
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Ming Dynasty Empire, 1368-1644
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I. Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644) A. Founded by a
commoner B. Zhu Yuanzhang (Taizu)
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Taizu, Founder of the Ming Dynasty (1369-1398
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• Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644)
• A. Founded by a commoner
• B. Zhu Yuanzhang (Taizu)
• C. Yongle (Chengzu)

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Third Ming Emperor, Yongle, at right, and typical
coin from his reign, above
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Moved capital from Nanjing to Beijing
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Built Forbidden City, palace of Emperor
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Largest square in palace, facing Gate of Supreme
Harmony
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Rebuilt Great Wall to keep out Mongol invaders
from North
present-day wall is Ming construction
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• Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644)
• A. Founded by a commoner
• B. Zhu Yuanzhang (Taizu)
• C. Yongle (Chengzu)
• D. Ocean Exploration

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Model of ship used by Zheng He on his voyages of
exploration, 1405-1433. He made 28 voyages,
commanded a fleet of 62 ships, and over 27,000
men. Places visited included the Arabian
Peninsula, east Africa, India, and Indonesia. In
each, he opened trade relations and exchanged
gifts.
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Zheng He
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• Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644)
• A. Founded by a commoner
• B. Zhu Yuanzhang (Taizu)
• C. Yongle (Chengzu)
• Ocean Exploration

• Population Explosion

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• New technology
• New foodsespecially from New World
• Maize
• Sweet potatoes
• Peanuts
• New better strain of rice
• Longest period of peace in Chinese history

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• Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644)
• A. Founded by a commoner
• B. Zhu Yuanzhang (Taizu)
• C. Yongle (Chengzu)
• Ocean Exploration
• Population Explosion

• Neo-Confucians take over government
• 1601Jesuit Matteo Ricci
• Administrative problems
• Peasant rebellion

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• II. Qing (Ching) or Manchu Dynasty (1644-1911)
• Foreigners again conquer China
• Kangxi (K'ang-hsi)
• Longest reign Chinese history
• 1661-1722
• 1689--Treaty of Nerchinsk

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• C. Taiwan
• D. Qian-Long (Ch'ien-lung)
• 5th Qing emperor
• 1711-1799
• British arrived 1793
• settled question of Russian border
• known for scholarly and artistic achievements
• commercial boom
• expanded empire to fullest extent

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Emperor Qian-long
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• E. Opium War 1839-1842
• F. Hong Kong
• G. Dowager Empress Cixi (Tz'u-hsi)
• 18621908 effective ruler of China
• First named regent for her minor son
• when he died, selected cousin

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H. Sino-Japanese War 1894-95 (China is
weakening) I. Spheres of Influence J. Boxer
uprising of 1900
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• Ming-Qing culture
• Literature
• Vernacular Poetry/popular songs
• Short stories
• The Courtesans Jewel Box
• Novel
• The Carnal Prayer Mat

• Water Margin
• The Plum in the Golden Vase
• Romance of the Three Kingdoms

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Journey to the West
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The Dream of Red Mansions(1791) 120 chapters a
family epic novel of the wealthy Jia
family Provides a good look at family life
during the Qing Dynasty of the 18th century
considered by many to be greatest of all Chinese
works of literature
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• Porcelains

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Japan
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Japan

• 1500s Japan a collection of provinces ruled by
  warrior-nobles (daimyo) in system known as the
  shogunate
• Over 200 clans each with daimyo military leader
  (Shogun) ruler of Japan emperor no power
• First European contacts came in mid-1500s
• Brought firearms and Christianity
• Japanese distrusted Christianity
• Began period of enforced isolation from the rest
  of the world

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• Most Japanese Shinto or Buddhist
• Jesuits had most success in western Japan
• Especially in noble class (daimyo)
• Emperor heriditary ruler but weak by 1500s
• Believed to be descended in unbroken line from
  grandson of the Sun Goddess, queen of heaven
• Lived in isolation in city of Kyoto
• By 1500s even the Shogun lacked sufficient power
  to keep Japan peaceful

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Era of the Warring States(Era of the Country at
War)

• 1467-1568
• Two major clans battling for control of Japan
• Neither shogun nor emperor powerful enough to
  control country
• 1543 Portugeuse arrive
• Guns Bible
• 1549 Francis Xavier

Castles reached their zenith in this time of war
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Catle of the Great Heron
Nagoya Castle
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A Shoguns castle in the city of Matsumoto
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Tokugawa Japan

• Three Great Unifiers
• (1568 -1600) Oda Nobunaga
• (1536-1598) Toyotomi Hideyoshi
• 1600 Tokugawa Ieyasu new shogunate at Edo
• Tokugawa "Great Peace
• seeds of Capitalism
• Merchant class
• Japanese arts flourish new arts appear

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Tokugawa Ieyasu
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Shogun palace, Kyoto, Japan
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Gates of the Shogun Palace, Edo
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Tokugawa Shogunate

• Shogunate headquartered at Edo, emperor was at
  Kyoto
• True military and political power rested with
  shogunate
• Daimyo were key players, so constant threat to
  shogun
• Shogun played daimyo against each other through
  intervention, competition
• Required family of daimyo to live at Edo, not at
  home state-hostages
• Economic advances
• Growth of population, domestic trade
• Merchants became more prominent
• Not well respected, but increasingly wealthy
• Money economy replaced barter
• Banks, credit became more common

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• F.   Tokugawa Culture
• common entertainmenttea houses, theater,
  restaurants, houses of prostitution thrived
• Literature of the New Middle Class Ihara
  Saikaku, realistically portrayed the life of
  Osaka merchants haiku poetry kabuki theater
• Tokugawa Art

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Tokugawa Tsunayoshi Zou animal rights
lawdisaster!
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By mid 1600s, pet dogs very popular at all levels
of societyscreen from early 1600s
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Another folding screensilk printlate 1600s
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Sayonara!