Imperialism in Africa 1914

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Imperialism in Africa 1914

• Unit 6

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The Partition of Africa

• 1880 only 10 controlled by Europeans
• Only explorers, missionaries, and humanitarians
  penetrated Africa
• Mid 1800s European explorers missionaries
  venture into Africa interior (Congo) David
  Livingstone Henry Stanley
• Interest set off a scramble for Africa by
  European nations (Berlin Conference)

David Livingstone
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Factors Promoting Imperialism

• Social Darwinism used as justification of
  imperialism
• Railroads, cables, steamships
• Quinine (anti-malaria) drug
• Disunity of Africans
• Paternalism assimilation

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French in North Africa

• 1830 French invade Algiers with the goal to
  colonize
• 10 year war - results in French victory taking
  over of Tunis
• Secures special rights in Morocco
• 1 million French people settle in North Africa

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The British in Africa

• 1875 Britain gains control of the Suez Canal
  (from Egypt)
• 1882 Egypt becomes a British protectorate
• 1898 Egypt seizes Sudan after Battle of
  Omdurman (used Maxim machine gun)

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Suez Canal (Egypt) Opens in 1869

• Ismail - grandson of Muhammad Ali (sponsored
  economic and military reforms) supports
  construction
• French money Egyptian labor Egyptian debt
  eventual British control of the canal

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Italy Seizes Libya, but not Ethiopia

• 1911 Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire
  takes Tripoli (Libya) as a colony
• Had been guaranteed neutrality by other European
  nations
• Italy fails in Ethiopia (1896) because of Emperor
  Menelik II Battle of Adowa

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West Africa

• By 1900, European powers, especially Great
  Britain and France, had acquired vast new
  territories in West Africa

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South Africa

• The Dutch established Cape Colony as a way
  station en route to India
• 1816 Shaka (Zulu) organizes army and
  establishes large kingdom (assassinated in 1828)

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South Africa

• Military and legal control of Cape Colony passes
  to British after Napoleonic Wars
• Dutch farmers (Boers) migrate NE because of
  dissatisfaction of British rule Great Trek
• Boers establish new republics - Orange Free State
  and Transvaal
• Europeans controlled best land and limited rights
  of Africans

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South Africa

• Diamonds and gold discovered in late 1800s
  increased competition for land/wealth
• Boer war (1899-1902) Boers lose war to British
  British consolidate their holdings

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