.NET Interoperability and Unmanaged Code

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(No Transcript)
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?????????????? ? ???????????? ???
???????????? ?? .NET Framework
http//www.nakov.com/dotnet-project/
?????? ?????
???????????? ???????? CodeAttest
www.codeattest.com
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?????????? ??????

• ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?
  .NET (Common Type System)
• ?????? ???????? ?? ????? C
• ?????? ???????? ?? ????? C
• ?????? ???????? ?? ???????????? COM
• ?????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ??? Win32 ??? C ?
  C
• ???????? ?? ?????????? ? .NET Framework

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??????????

• ????? ? ???????????????
• ??????????? ????????? (P/Invoke)
• ??????? DllImport
• ????????????? ?? ????? (marshalling)
• ????????????? ?? ?????????
• ????????????? ?? ???????
• ????????????? ?? ??????
• ??????? MarshalAs
• ?????????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????

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?????????? (2)

• ?????????????? ? COM
• ????????? ?? COM ????????? ?? ?????????? ???
• Runtime Callable Wrapper (RCW)
• ?????????? ?? .NET ????????? ???? COM ?????????
• COM Callable Wrapper (CCW)
• ?????????? ??? .NET ?????? ?? ???????? ?? COM
• ?????????????? ??? C (IJW)
• ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? .NET ?????? ?? COM

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????? ? ???????????????

• Microsoft .NET Framework ? ??????????? ????
  ??????????
• ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????????
  ???
• ???????????? ?? ???????????? ???
• ??????????? ?? ????????
• ?????? ?? ???????
• ????????? ?? ????????
• ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??????
• CLR ????? JVM

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????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? .NET
.NET Framework
.NET ??????????
.NET Framework Class Libraries
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Platform Interop
Windows API
COM
Windows Kernel
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????????????? ?? JVM
Java Platform
Java ??????????
Java Class Libraries
Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
JNI
Windows API
COM
Windows Kernel
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??????????? ????????? (P/Invoke)

• ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????? Windows ???????
  (simple flat API)
• ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???
• ????????? DllImport ????? ?? ????????? ??
  ???????????? ???
• ?? ???????? DLL ????????? ????? ?? ?? ???????????
  ? ????

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??????? DllImport

• ???????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?
  ???????????? ???
• ??????? ?? ????? ??????
• ??? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? DLL, ?????
  ??????? ??????
• ?????? EntryPoint ?????? ????? ?? ??????????
  ?????
• ?????? CharSet ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???????
  ?????????? ??????
• ?????? SetLastError ???? ?????????? ?? ?????????
  ?? ??????

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??? ?????? P/Invoke?

• ?????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? DLL
  (????????? ?? ???? ??????)
• ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????, ?????? ??????????? ?
  ? ??????????? ???????
• ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????????? ???
• P/Invoke ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??
  ?????????????? ???

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P/Invoke ??????

• static IntPtr IDI_ASTERISK (IntPtr) 32516
• DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint"LoadIconW",
• ExactSpellingtrue, CharSetCharSet.Unicode)
• public static extern IntPtr LoadPredefinedIcon(
• IntPtr hinst, IntPtr icon)
• private void Form1_Load(object sender,
  System.EventArgs e)
• // ????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ?????
• IntPtr hicon LoadPredefinedIcon(IntPtr.Zero,
  IDI_ASTERISK)
• // ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????????
  ???????????
• Icon icon Icon.FromHandle(hicon)
• // ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????
• this.Icon (Icon) icon.Clone()

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????????? DUMPBIN

• ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ???
• ???? ? ?? MS Visual C
• ????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??
  ????? DLL
• ??????

DUMPBIN /EXPORTS C\WINDOWS\system32\user32.dll
ordinal hint RVA name 446 1BD 0000CBBB
LoadIconA 447 1BE 000188E3 LoadIconW
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???????????? 1

• ?????????? ?? P/Invoke

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????????????? ?? ????? (marshalling)

• ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????
• ???????????? ?? ?????????????
• ????? ?? ??????????? (standard interop
  marshaller)
• ???? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????
• ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???????????? ????????

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????????????? ????????????
???????????? ??? ?????????? ???
HANDLE System.IntPtr
BYTE System.Byte
WORD System.UInt16
DWORD System.UInt32
FLOAT System.Single
LPSTR, LPCSTR, LPWSTR, LPCWSTR System.String ??? System.StringBuilder
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????????????? ?? ?????????

• ??????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????
• ????????? ??, ?????? ???????????? ??? ????????
  ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????????
• ????????? StructLayout ???????? ??? ?? ??
  ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ???
• LayoutKind.Sequential
• LayoutKind.Explicit

DLLFunc(POINT x) ? ManagedFunc(POINT
x) DLLFunc(POINT x) ? ManagedFunc(ref POINT x)
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????????????? ?? ????????? ??????

• StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)
• public struct SYSTEM_INFO
• FieldOffset(0) public UInt16
  ProcessorArchitecture
• FieldOffset(4) public UInt32 PageSize
• FieldOffset(20) public UInt32
  NumberOfProcessors
• FieldOffset(24) public UInt32
  ProcessorType
• FieldOffset(28) public UInt32
  AllocationGranularity
• FieldOffset(30) public UInt16
  ProcessorLevel
• DllImport("kernel32.dll",
• EntryPoint"GetNativeSystemInfo")
• public static extern void GetSysInfo(
• ref SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo)

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????????????? ?? ???????

• ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????
• ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????????
• ????????? StructLayout ?? ??????? ? ?? ???????

DLLFunc(Job x) ? ManagedFunc(Job
x) DLLFunc(Job x) ? ManagedFunc(ref Job x)
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????????????? ?? ??????

• ?????????? ?????? ? .NET ?? ????????? (immutable)
• ?????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??? ?? ??????
  ????? ? ???????
• ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????
• ????????? MarshalAs ????????? ??????????
  ?????????????
• ?????? ?????????? ??? ? ? ???????????? ???????,
  ?? ???????? ?????? StringBuilder

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??????? MarshalAs

• ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????????
• ??????? ?? ????? ?????????, ?????? ? ????????,
  ?????? ??? ??????????
• ?? ? ????????????
• ??? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???, ???
  ????? ?? ?? ???????????
• ?????? SizeConst ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??
  ????????? ??? ?? ????????

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????????????? ??????
???????????? C C
struct STOCK TCHAR ID32 char Name WCHAR Location StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSetCharSet.Auto) struct STOCK MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst32) public String ID MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr) public String Name MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr) public String Location
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????????????? ??????

• DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint"GetModuleFi
  leName",
• ExactSpellingfalse, CharSetCharSet.Auto)
• public static extern UInt32 GetModuleFileName(IntP
  tr hModule, StringBuilder lpFileName, UInt32
  nSize)
• STAThread
• static void Main(string args)
• StringBuilder moduleName new
  StringBuilder(10)
• UInt32 uiSize GetModuleFileName(IntPtr.Zero,
  
• moduleName, (uint) moduleName.Capacity
  1)
• moduleName.Length (int) uiSize
• Console.WriteLine("Executable path 0",
• moduleName.ToString())

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?????????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????

• ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? (callback) ?????
  ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???????, ?????
  ??? ??? ????????
• ??????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??
  ???????????? ???
• ? ???????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???
  delegate

BOOL EnumWindows(WNDENUMPROC lpEnumFunc,
LPARAM lParam)
public delegate bool CallBack(int hWnd, int
lParam)
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???????????? 2

• ????????????? ?? ?????

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?????????????? ? COM

• ????? ? COM?
• COM Common Object Model ??????????? ?????,
  ????????? ?????? ??? Win32 ??????????
• COM ????????? ?????????????? ????? Win32
  ?????????? ??????????? ??????????
• ??????????? IUnknown
• ???????????? ?? ???????????? ?? ?????? COM
  ??????????
• AddRef, Release ????????? ???????????? ???
  ?????????? (reference counting)
• QueryInterface ??????? ????????????, ?????
  ??????????? ???????? (???? reflection)

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?????????????? ? COM

• GUID 128-?????? ?????, ????? ????????
  ???????????? COM ?????????, ????????
• 645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E
• ??????????? IDispatch
• ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ??
  ?????????? ? ???????? ?? ?????????? (????
  reflection ? .NET)
• In-Process ? Out-of-Process COM ???????
• In-Process DLL ??????????, ??????? ? ?????????
  ???????????? ?? ???????
• Out-of-Process ??????? ????????? ??????????
  (EXE), ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ????????????

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?????????????? ? COM

• ?????? ?? COM ?????????? STA ? MTA
• Single-Threaded Apartment ????? ????? ?? ???
  ???????? ??????????, ???? ???? ?????, ???? ?????
  ?? ?????????????
• Multithreaded Apartment ?????? ????? ????????
  ??? ?????????? (???? ?????), ??????????????? ?
  ?????
• ?????? ?????????? (Type Libraries)
• ???????? ???????? ?? COM ?????????? (????
  ??????????? ? ???????????)
• ????????????? ??????? (.tlb) ???????
• ??????? ??????, ???????, ????????? ? ??.
• ActiveX ?????????? ?? COM ??????, ?????
  ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????

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????????? ?? COM ????????? ?? ?????????? ???

• ???????????? ?? Interop ???????
• ?????????? ?? Interop ??????? ???? Visual Studio
  .NET
• ?????????? ?? Interop ??????? ???? tlbimp.exe
• ????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ?? Interop
  ???????
• ?????????? (deployment) ?? Interop ???????

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Runtime Callable Wrapper (RCW)

• COM ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????
  RCW
• ?? ????? COM ????? ???????? ????? ???? RCW
• ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ???????
• ???????? ???????????? COM ?????????? IDispatch,
  IErrorInfo, IUnknown

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????????? ?? COM ????????? ???? RCW
.NET ??????
RCW
.NET ??????
RCW
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???????????? 3

• ?????????? ?? COM ???????????? "Microsoft Web
  Browser" ?? VS.NET

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?????????? ?? .NET ????????? ???? COM ?????????

• ????????? GuidAttribute ?????? ?????????
  ????????????? ?? COM ?????????? (GUID)
• ????????? ProgId ?????? ??????? ????????????? ??
  COM ??????????
• A???????? ?? ?????????? ? Windows Registry ????
  regasm.exe ??? ? VS.NET

GuidAttribute("D069E57A-981F-4841-8D68-E2F2342E92
A2"), ProgId("SomeApplication.SomeClass") pub
lic class SomeClass //
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?????????? ?? .NET ????????? ???? COM ?????????

• ???????????? ?? ?????? ??????????
• ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? tlbexp.exe
• ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????
  ??????????
• CoClassAttribute
• ComVisibleAttribute
• GuidAttribute

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COM Callable Wrapper (CCW)

• .NET ???????????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? COM
  ??????? ???? ????????? ??????
• ?? ????? .NET ????????? ???????? ????? ???? CCW
• ?????????? ????????????? ?? ???????
• ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? COM
  ?????????? IUnknown, IDispatch,

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????????? ?? .NET ????????? ???? CCW
.NET ?????
COM ??????
CCW
COM ??????
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?????????? ??? .NET ?????? ?? ???????? ?? COM

• ????????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? public
• ??????, ????????, ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ??
  public
• ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??
  ????????????
• ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????????
• ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????????????
  ?????????
• ?????????? ???????? ??????

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???????????? 4

• ????????? ?? .NET ????????? ???? CCW

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?????????????? ??? C (IJW)

• C ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????????????
  ??? (It Just Works)
• ?????????? ?? IJW ?????? ??????????????? ? ?????
  (10-30 x86 ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????)
• ??????? ????????????? ?? ???????
• ?? ?? ??????? ????????
• ????????? ?? ?? ????????? ??-????? ???????? ?
  ??????????????????
• ???????? ? ?? ??????????, ????? ??????? ????????
  ???????????? ???

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IJW ????????? ?? C ??????
using ltmscorlib.dllgt include ltstdio.hgt include
ltiostreamgt using namespace std void main()
// Declare unmanaged pointer of type char
const char str "IJW (It Just Works)" //
Call unmanaged function "printf"
printf("s\n", str) // Call unmanaged
function "ostreamoperator ltlt" cout ltlt str
ltlt endl // Call managed function
"ConsoleWriteLine" SystemConsoleWriteLin
e(str)
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????????? ?? ?????????? ?? .NET ?????? ?? COM

• ??????????? chunky ?????? chatty ??????????
• ??????????????? IDisposable ?? ???????????????
  ???????
• ?????????? ????? ?????????
• ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??
  ???????? ???????
• ????????????? ??????????????? ?? ?????

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????????? ?? ?????????? ?? .NET ?????? ?? COM

• ???? ?? ?????????? SuppressUnmanagedCode ????????
  ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????
• ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????????
• ????? ?? CCW
• ????? ?? ???????????????? (marshallings)
• ????? ?? ???????? (stubs)
• ??????????? CLR Spy ?? ?? ???????? ??????????
  ????????

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???????????? 5

• ?????????? ?? ?????? ? CLR Spy

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?????????????? ? ???????????? ???
????????
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??????????

1. ??????????????? Windows Forms ??????????, ?????
   ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ? ??????? ???????. ??
   ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????
   ?????????? ?????????????? ?? (PID), ????? ??
   ?????, ?? ????? ? ???????, ?????????? ??, ?????
   ?? ??????????? ? ???????????? ?? ??????? ?????
   (working set). ??????????? Windows API ?????????
   EnumProcesses(), OpenProcess(),
   GetModuleBaseName(), GetPriorityClass(),
   GetProcessWorkingSetSize() ? CloseHandle(), ????
   ?? ????????? ???? P/Invoke . ??????????? ?? ?
   ???????????? kernel32.dll ? psapi.dll.
   ??????????? ?????????????? ? ????????? ?? MSDN ??
   ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????.
   ?????????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????????
   ?????????? ?? ?????????.

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??????????

1. ??????????????? Windows Forms ??????????, ?????
   ??????????? PDF ????????? ? ??????? ?? COM
   ?????????? "Adobe Acrobat Control for ActiveX".
2. ???????? Windows Forms ????????, ????? ?????????
   ?????? "?????? ???". ????????? ??????????
   ???????? ???? COM ??????. ????????? HTML
   ????????, ? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ?
   Internet Explorer.
3. ???????????? ???????? ??????????, ????? ?? ?????
   XML ????, ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ??????????
   ?? ???, ???????? MS Excel ????????, ????????
   ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ???????. ????? ?????
   ?? ?????? ? ???, ????? ? ???????. ?? ?????? ? MS
   Excel ??????????? COM ???????????? "Microsoft
   Office Spreadsheet".

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?????????? ??????????

• MSDN Library http//msdn.microsoft.com
• Interoperating with Unmanaged Code
• An Overview of Managed/Unmanaged Code
  Interoperability
• Beyond (COM) Add Reference Has Anyone Seen the
  Bridge?
• Using the .NET Framework SDK Interoperability
  Tools
• Calling a .NET Component from a COM Component
• Microsoft Office and .NET Interoperability
• The Myth of .NET Purity, Reloaded
• Platform Invocation Services

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?????????? ??????????

• MSDN Magazine http//msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/
  
• Calling Win32 DLLs in C with P/Invoke
• Migrating Native Code to the .NET CLR
• Improving .NET Application Performance and
  Scalability MS Patterns and Practices
  http//msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnpag/html
  /scalenet.asp
• Chapter 7 Improving Interop Performance
• Checklist Interop Performance
• P/Invoke .NET The Interop wiki!
  http//www.pinvoke.net/

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?????????? ??????????

• Microsoft .NET/COM Migration and Interoperability
  http//msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?ur
  l /library/en-us/dnbda/html/cominterop.asp
• CLR Spy http//www.gotdotnet.com/Community/
  UserSamples/Details.aspx?SampleGuidC7B955C7-231A-
  406C-9FA5-AD09EF3BB37F