HIV/AIDS, Food and Nutrition Security:

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• HIV/AIDS, Food and Nutrition Security
• The RENEWAL Initiative in Sub-Saharan Africa
• www.ifpri.org/renewal
• Stuart Gillespie and Bruce Frayne
• 13 August 2006, International AIDS Conference,
  Toronto, Canada

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HIV and AIDS Food and
nutrition insecurity - chronic -
acute
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Susceptibility
Vulnerability of Livelihood Systems
Effect on Assets
HIV
Human, Financial, Social, Natural, Physical,
Political
Effect on Institutions
Community-based, Civil society, Market, State,
Global
Outcomes
Nutrition, Food Security, Education, Community
Cohesion, Income
Responses
Individual, Household, Community
Vulnerable Groups - Orphans, Elderly, Female and
Youth Headed Households,
Stigma and Discrimination
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Strengthening resistance to HIV and resilience to
AIDS
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The Regional Network on
HIV/AIDS, Rural
Livelihoods, and Food Security (RENEWAL)

• Facilitated by IFPRI,
• RENEWAL brings together
• national networks of
• researchers,
• policymakers,
• public private organizations, and
• NGOs
• to focus on the interactions
• between HIV/AIDS and food
• and nutrition security.

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History of RENEWAL

• 2000 Exploratory IFPRI work on AIDS and food
  security
• 2001-2 RENEWAL launched in Malawi and Uganda
• 2003 Network-building, think tanks, workshops
• Zambia and South Africa join RENEWAL
• 2004 RENEWAL 1 (unraveling interactions) Case
  studies and synthesis on OVCs
• 2005-2006 National advisory panels formed
• Regional coordinator recruited
• IFPRI Food Policy Review (gt150 studies reviewed)
• Durban Conference, and book
• Kenya joins RENEWAL, Ethiopia start-up activities
• RENEWAL 2 (improving policy and programs)
• 2007-2010 RENEWAL 3 (toward sustainable
  livelihoods)

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Goal of RENEWAL

• To ensure food and nutrition security in the
  context of AIDS epidemics, and to maximize the
  food and nutrition sectors contribution to a
  comprehensive global response to AIDS

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Core pillars/processes of RENEWAL
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RENEWAL Core CountriesKenya, Uganda, Malawi,
South Africa, Zambia
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(No Transcript)
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RENEWAL network of networks
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RENEWAL 1 Studies (2004-2006)
The Effects of HIV/AIDS on Agricultural Production Systems in Zambia A Restudy CARE International Zambia International HIV/AIDS Alliance, FAO
HIV/AIDS and Community Resilience in Zambia Understanding the Implications for Food and Nutrition Policies Farming Systems Association of Zambia Ministry of Agriculture Michigan State University IFPRI Washington DC
HIV/AIDS, Food and Nutrition Security in South Africa Understanding and Responding University of Western Cape, South Africa IFPRI, Washington DC
Promoting agricultural innovation in AIDS affected rural households in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Farmer Support Group, KwaZulu-Natal Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
HIV/AIDS, land reform and land-based livelihoods in 3 provinces in South Africa Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa
Impact of HIV/AIDS on inter- and intra-generational information flows among smallholder farmers, Malawi Chancellor College, Malawi ICRISAT-Malawi
HIV/AIDS, rural livelihoods and depeasantisation in Malawi finding pathways to social recovery CARE International Malawi Center of Social Research, Malawi University of Leiden, Netherlands
Farming Systems and Resilience to HIV/AIDS in Malawi Institute for Policy Research and Analysis for Dialogue, Blantyre, Chancellor College
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RENEWAL 2 Studies (2006-2008)
Title Partners
Dealing with vulnerability parents efforts to secure the future of their children Regional University of Cape Town, University of KwaZulu Natal, IFPRI, Southern Africa Vulnerability Initiative (SAVI)
Tuberculosis An Additional Tipping Stress to Poor Households in South Africa and Zambia Regional Stellenbosch University, S.Africa University Teaching Hospital, Zambia
HIV/AIDS, Food and Nutrition Security and Urban-Rural Linkages in Southern Africa Regional IFPRI, RENEWAL, Southern African Migration Project
Impact of a Nutrition Intervention for People Living with HIV and its role in their Support Systems Kenya Moi University, AMPATH, IFPRI, Columbia University, USA, World Bank
HIV/AIDS Mortality and the Role of Woodland Resources in the Maintenance of Household Food Security in Rural Limpopo Province. South Africa SUNRAE Program University of Witwatersrand, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA
Gender Issues in HIV/AIDS and Food/Nutrition security among Internally Displaced Peoples Camps in Uganda Uganda Makerere University
Land Ownership and Food Security in Uganda A Study of the Use and Control of Land Among Households of Women Affected by HIV/AIDS in Four Districts Uganda Makerere University and National Community of Women Living with HIV/AIDS
The Effects on Rural Livelihoods of Increasing Rates of HIV/AIDS-related Illness and Death in Zomba South, Malawi Malawi Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Bunda College of Agriculture, Zomba
Stigma/Discrimination within the HIV/AIDS, Food Security and Gender Context in Ethiopia Ethiopia Family Health International RENEWAL
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• RENEWAL 3
• Protecting Livelihoods and Ensuring Food Security
  in the Time of AIDS
• 2007-2010

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RENEWAL 3

• Research in three major thematic areas
• AIDS, agriculture and livelihood security
• AIDS, community resilience and social protection
• AIDS and nutrition security
• Capacity strengthening
• Communications
• Five core countries, but now also linking with
  others (e.g. Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Ethiopia, DRC,
  Mozambique)
• By 2010, networks become self-governing and
  self-reliant.

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Theme 1 AIDS, Agriculture and Livelihood Security

• Does food insecurity increase risk of exposure to
  HIV?
• How does HIV/AIDS interact with other stresses?
• Why are some households vulnerable? Why are some
  households resistant and/or resilient? What are
  the implications of multiple vulnerabilities for
  approaches to addressing HIV/AIDS and food and
  nutrition insecurity?
• How is agriculture affected by HIV/AIDS? How does
  AIDS erode agricultural assets or investment
  incentives? How important are these effects
  relative to others? How do these impacts play out
  over time? How do they influence agricultural
  sector performance?
• Internally, what modifications are needed so that
  the agricultural sector can contribute to poverty
  reduction in the context of AIDS?
• Externally, what measures should the agricultural
  development community employ in concert with
  other sectors to maximize attainment of common
  development goals (e.g. the MDGs)?
• How does the mobility of people and urban-rural
  linkages affect the spread of HIV and the impacts
  of AIDS on food and nutrition security?

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Theme 1 activities

• Tracking dynamics of interactions
• Longitudinal panel data, surveillance
• INDEPTH network (APHRC, Agincourt)
• AIDS, fishing and livelihoods in the Great Lakes
  region
• Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania
• Monitoring and evaluation of innovations/intervent
  ions
• e.g. GART, KKCAF, Junior Farmer Field Life
  Schools

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Theme 2 AIDS, Community Resilience and Social
Protection

• What characterizes a resistant and resilient
  community?
• How to strengthen and extend effective community
  responses?
• What is the appropriate balance between
  government-led and community-led responses?
• How can national policy learn from, and scale up,
  local responses?
• How well do broader social protection programs
  target and respond to changing constraints and
  needs of HIV-positive individuals and
  AIDS-affected groups and communities?
• What does social protection through an AIDS
  lens look like?
• What works (principles, processes, interventions)
  in protecting children affected by AIDS?

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Theme 2 activities

• State and community in promoting resilience
• Phase I Southern Africa (Malawi, Zambia, South
  Africa)
• Phase II Eastern Africa (Kenya and Uganda) and
  India
• Collaborations
• Joint Learning Initiative on AIDS and Children
• UN Partners Alliance on OVCs and Livelihoods
• Others e.g. Oxfam Australia on resilience

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Theme 3 AIDS and Nutrition Security

• How to link nutritional support, where needed, to
  ARV therapy effectively and sustainably?
• How to ensure sustainable nutrition security of
  affected households and communities?
• What does nutrition through an HIV lens look
  like, and what are the operational implications
  of rethinking nutrition from this perspective?
• What role does nutrition play in new approaches
  to AIDS-sensitive social protection?

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Theme 3 activities

• Linking nutrition support with ARV treatment
• GFATM, PEPFAR, WHO, UN SCN
• From short-term support to sustainable nutrition
  security
• AMPATH (Kenya) follow-up
• TASO (Uganda) linkage

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Capacity strengthening

• New strategy to be implemented
• Strengthening RENEWALs physical network
• Regional capacity development workshops, and
  proposal development support (mentoring)
• Maintaining and extending research partnerships,
  with South-South and North-South links.
• Strengthening IFPRIs capacity through
  mainstreaming
• Capacity progressively strengthened as
  communications increases access to relevant
  information
• Specific training and orientation in
• Thematic knowledge, research methods, data
  analysis skills, project management, proposal
  writing, writing for publication, communication
  skills

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Communications and knowledge management

• Inreach and outreach
• New outreach strategy to be implemented
• Messages, stakeholders, tools
• Who, what, how
• Revamped RENEWAL website
• Updating living evidence base on web
• Tool pool (concepts, principles, methods,
  processes)
• Bibliography of key documents (links to other
  sites)
• Building on RENEWAL and Durban conference
  networks (links to UNAIDS, SADC, NEPAD, SARPN
  etc)
• Briefs, papers, CDs, journal articles, books

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Lessons and Challenges

• Beware AIDS exceptionalism
• Use an HIV lens, not a filter
• Think livelihoods, not agriculture
• Beware either/or mentality
• ARVs are not the (single) answer
• Being comprehensive, but also focused
• Diversity, context-specificitybut need for
  scale-up
• Use/adapt tools to move from understanding to
  responding
• Evidence-based action (but dont wait for last
  5!)
• Learn by doing (action research), by monitoring,
  evaluating and by communicating
• Innovate, document and disseminate
• Balancing quality, speed, and capacity
• Link research with action, both ways