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Solid and Hazardous Waste

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Extends resource supplies. Saves energy and money. Reduces pollution. Create jobs ... Lead in plumbing. Progress is being made in reducing lead. Case Studies: Mercury ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Solid and Hazardous Waste


1
Solid and Hazardous Waste
G. Tyler Millers Living in the Environment 14th
Edition Chapter 24
2
Key Concepts
  • Types and amounts of wastes
  • Methods to reduce waste
  • Methods of dealing with wastes
  • Hazardous waste regulation in the US

3
Wasting Resources
  • Industrial and agricultural waste
  • Municipal solid waste

Fig. 24-2 p. 533
  • US 11 billion metric tons/year

4
Producing Less Waste and Pollution
  • Waste management (high waste approach)
  • Burying, burning, shipping
  • Waste prevention (low waste approach)
  • Reduce, reuse, recycle
  • Sustainability Six

5
Dealing with Material Use and Wastes
Fig. 24-3 p. 535
6
Solutions Cleaner Production
  • Ecoindustrial revolution
  • Resource exchange webs
  • Biomimicry
  • Service-flow economy

7
Solutions Selling Services Instead of Things
  • Service-flow economy
  • Uses a minimum amount of material
  • Products last longer
  • Products are easier to maintain, repair, and
    recycle
  • Eco-leasing

See Individuals Matter p. 538
8
Reuse
  • Extends resource supplies
  • Saves energy and money
  • Reduces pollution
  • Create jobs
  • Reusable products

9
Recycling
  • Primary (closed-loop)
  • Secondary (open loop)
  • Preconsumer waste
  • Postconsumer waste

Fig. 24-6 p. 539
10
Characteristics of Recyclable Materials
  • Easily isolated from other waste
  • Available in large quantities
  • Valuable

11
Benefits of Recycling
Fig. 24-8 p. 541
12
Recycling Methods
  • Centralized recycling of mixed waste
    (Materials-Recovery Facilities, MRFs)
  • Source separation
  • Pay-as-you-throw (PAUT)

13
Case Studies Wastepaper and Plastics
  • 49 of wastepaper recycled in US
  • Chlorine-based compound in paper production
  • 10 or less of plastic recycled in US
  • Plastics can be very difficult to recycle

14
Burning Wastes
  • Mass burn
  • incineration
  • Air pollution
  • Waste to energy

Fig. 24-13 p. 546
15
Burying Wastes
  • Open dumps
  • Sanitary landfills
  • Leachate collection
  • Monitoring wells
  • Emit greenhouse gases (CO2 and methane)

16
Sanitary Landfill
Fig. 24-14 p. 547
17
Sanitary Landfills Trade-offs
Fig. 24-15 p. 548
18
Hazardous Wastes Types
  • Contains at least one toxic compound
  • Catches fire easily
  • Reactive or explosive
  • Corrodes metal containers

19
Not Hazardous Wastes under RCRA
  • Radioactive wastes
  • Household wastes
  • Mining wastes
  • Oil and gas drilling wastes
  • Liquids containing organic hydrocarbons
  • Cement kiln dust
  • lt100 kg (220 lb) per month

20
Dealing with Hazardous Wastes
Fig. 24-17 p. 550
21
Detoxifying and Removing Wastes
  • Physical methods
  • Chemical methods
  • Bioremediation
  • Phytoremediation
  • Plasma incineration

22
Deep-well Disposal
Fig. 24-21 p. 553
23
Hazardous Waste Landfill
Fig. 24-23 p. 554
24
Surface Impoundments Trade-offs
Fig. 24-22 p. 553
25
Case Studies Lead
  • Lead poisoning major problem in children

Primary Sources of Lead
  • Leaded gasoline (phased out by 1986)
  • Lead paint (banned in 1970)
  • Lead in plumbing
  • Progress is being made in reducing lead

26
Case Studies Mercury
  • Vaporized elemental Mercury
  • Fish contaminated with methylmercury
  • Natural inputs
  • Emission control
  • Prevention of contamination

27
Case Studies Dioxins
  • Potentially highly toxic chlorinated hydrocarbons

Sources of Dioxins
  • Waste incineration
  • Fireplaces
  • Coal-fired power plants
  • Paper production
  • Sewage sludge

28
Hazardous Waste Regulation in the United States
  • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
  • (RCRA)
  • Comprehensive Environmental Response,
    Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund)
  • National Priority List
  • Polluter-pays principle

29
Solutions Achieving a Low-Waste Society
  • Local grassroots action
  • International ban on 12 persistent organic
    pollutants (the dirty dozen)
  • Precautionary Principle
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