U.S. Biotech Crop Adoption:

1
U.S. Biotech Crop Adoption Who Decides?
Leonard Gianessi Crop Protection Research
Institute, CropLife Foundation
2
Transgenic Crops Introduced in the U.S.

• Herbicide Tolerant
• Insect Resistant
• Virus Resistant

3
Pest Management Decisions

• What is the most cost-effective solution to pest
  problems?
• compare costs
• compare efficacy
• What is acceptable for buyers?

4
U.S. Biotech Crops
Year of Acres
Introduced 2003 Herbicide
Tolerant Soybeans 1996 80 Corn
1997 12 Canola 1999 91 Cotton
1995 75 Insect Resistant Corn
1996 29 Cotton 1996 40 Sweet Corn
1998 lt1 Virus Resistant Papaya
1998 52 Squash 1995 ?
5
Roundup Ready SoybeansU.S. Adoption
Acres
6
Roundup Advantages in Soybeans

• Better weed control
• Improved crop safety
• Fewer application trips
• No need for tillage
• Fewer active ingredients
• Taller weeds can be killed
• Less expensive

7
Canola
Biotech Herbicide Tolerant
Conventional
8
Glyphosate Application
8 Days After Glyphosate Application
5 Weeks After Glyphosate Application
9
Cotton Weed ControlMississippi
(Pre 1997) of Herbicide
Applications 5/A of Active Ingredients
5/A of Tillage Passes 3/A
10
Cotton
Untreated
Biotech Herbicide Tolerant
Impact 132 million in net income
11
Grower Benefits ofBT Field Corn

Borer Pressure Low
High Per Acre Yield Increase
(bu) 5 10 Benefit 2 12
USEPA, 2001
12
Adoption of Bt Corn
13
Bt CornValue
(bu/A) Low
High Texas 3 40 Kansas 5 40 Oklahoma 8
18 Colorado 7 23 Louisiana 4 30
14
Bt Corn
Biotech Insect Resistant
Insect Susceptible
Impact 3.5 billion Lbs./year production
15
Bt Cotton
Biotech Insect Resistant
Insect Susceptible
Impact -1.9 million lbs/yr insecticide use
16
Roundup Ready Corn Adoption
U.S. Acres
17
Roundup Ready Corn

• Low-cost broad spectrum alternatives being used
• Not available in all important varieties (until
  recently)
• Not approved in the European Union

18
Roundup Ready Corn Adoption 2003
Acres
19
The genetically modified papaya plants are
already being credited with saving an industry
that was on its way out
New York Times July 20, 1999
20
Papaya Infected Tree Removal
21
Papaya
Virus Susceptible
Biotech Virus Resistant
22
Squash
Virus Susceptible
Biotech Virus Resistant
23
Sweet Corn
Insect Susceptible
Biotech Insect Resistant
24
Florida Sweet Corn Production
Million Lbs/Yr
25
Spraying Sweet Corn Florida
26
Florida Sweet Corn Experiment
27
Bt Sweet Corn Projection Florida

• 80 of Acreage
• Reduction of 10 Insecticide Applications/Acre
• Insect Control Cost Reduction of 40/Acre
• Production Increase of 125/Acre

28
Bt Fresh Sweet Corn
29
Future Insect Control Options Florida Fresh
Sweet Corn

• Continued Use of 10 Insecticide Treatments/Acre?
• Transgenic Bt Sweet Corn?

30
Attribute brand sweet corn Photo courtesy of
Syngenta Seeds
31
Biotech Crops Approved but not Planted in the
U.S.
Current Status Sugarbeet Herbicide
Tolerant Seed Available Potato Insect
Resistant No Seed Available Virus
Resistant No Seed Available
32
Sugarbeet US
Conventional
Biotech Herbicide Tolerant
Potential Impact - 93 million/year weed control
costs
33
Biotech Herbicide Tolerant Sugarbeets U.S.

• Acres Planted
• 1999 0
• 2000 0
• 2001 0
• 2002 0
• 2003 0

34
Colorado Potato Beetle
35
Potato
Biotech Insect Resistant
Insect Susceptible
36
Potato
Biotech Virus Resistant
Virus Susceptible
37
U.S. AcreageInsect/Virus Resistant Potatoes
1999 4 2000 2 2001 0 2002 0
38
Insect/Virus Resistant Potatoes Washington
Potential
Impacts Insecticide Use -130,000 Lb/Yr Insect
Control Costs -600,000/Yr Potato Production
5 Million/Yr 90 million lbs/Yr
39
Potato
Late Blight Damage
40
Fungal Resistant Potato
Biotech Fungal Resistant
Conventional Fungal Susceptible
41
Citrus Texas
Virus Susceptible
Biotech Virus Resistant
42
Citrus Canker Eradication Programs Florida

• Trees Destroyed
• 1910-1933 258,000 Commercial
• 1986-1994 88,000 Commercial
• 1996- 1,200,000 Commercial
• 600,000 Residential

43
Citrus Canker
Biotech Bacteria Resistant
Bacteria Susceptible
44
Spraying Antibiotics Apples
45
Apple
Bacteria Susceptible
Biotech Bacteria Resistant
Potential Impact 100 reduction in antibiotic
use
46
(No Transcript)
47
Florida Potential Grape Production

• Florida Ranks 2-3 in Grape/Wine Consumer
  Purchases
• Florida has Climate/Soils for Successful Grape
  Production
• Currently Florida accounts for 0.01 of U.S.
  Grape Production
• U.S. Wine Industry 36 billion/year

48
TAMU
49
Biotech Grape Bacterial Resistant Gene Marking
50
Tomato Geminiviruses Florida

• Reduced Tomato Production by 20 in 1990-1991
• At Low Incidence Because of Increased Insecticide
  Use

51
Biotech Tomato
Biotech Virus Resistant
Virus Susceptible
Under Development at the University of Florida
52
Current Impacts (8 Case Studies)

• Food and Fiber Production
• 4 Billion Lbs.
• Farm Income
• 1.5 Billion
• Pesticide Use
• - 46 Million Lbs.

53
Potential Impacts (32 Case Studies)

• Food and Fiber Production
• 10 Billion Lbs.
• Farm Income
• 1 Billion
• Pesticide Use
• - 117 Million Lbs.

54
(No Transcript)