Nucleic Acids 101

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Nucleic Acids 101
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Last weeks grand challenge Reading and
interpreting genetic information
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DNA Repair DNA polymerase 10-7 Mismatch repair
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Genomics
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Restriction Nucleases
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Ligation
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Grand challenge Every disease requires a
tremendous amount of interdisciplinary effort to
understand and fight it. Can this be streamlined?
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The frequency of crossing-over is
proportional to the physical distance
between them. Find DNA markers close to and
flanking the gene of interest
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Positional Cloning

• A chromosome has a single DNA molecule running
  the length of the chromosome
• Map the gene for the trait in question in that
  DNA molecule identify close flanking markers
• Walk between the flanking markers
• Identify the gene in question between the markers

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How do you map a gene?

• Collect DNA samples from family members in a
  pedigree
• Seek linkage to a polymorphic DNA marker
• Take advantage of the Human Genome Project to
  identify the chromosomal region
• Narrow down the location in the overlapping clones

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What are DNA markers?

• RFLP--Restriction Fragment Length Polyhmorphism
• SNP--Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

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Mutation destroys a restriction site,
causing a RFLP
(This is also a SNP--Single Nucleotide
Polymorphism)
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RFLP
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STRP or VNTR
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Pedigree of Huntington Disease
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SNPs Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
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