TCP/IP%20in%20Windows

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TCP/IP in Windows
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Addresses

• Ethernet address (MAC address )
• 48-bit unique addresses hard wired in NICs (280
  trillion)
• 12 hex numbers, e.g. 00-A0-C9-9F-00-07
• first three identify company, Intel in the
  example
• how to see NT Diagnostics, Transports or
  IPconfig, or System Information
• IP address (number)
• 32-bit value, not hard coded (4 billion),
  assigned manually or by DHCP (later class)
• four dotted quads, each quad a decimal from
  0-255, corresponding to eight bits, e.g. UBMAIL
  IP address is 198.202.0.25
• to convert open NT Calculator select View,
  Scientific, decimal and type dotted quad decimal
  value, then select binary.

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Interneting

• Station A wants to send message to station D, but
  IP number is not in the same subnet -- no can do!
• Sends the message to the default IP router --
  default gateway
• All stations belonging to the same subnet share
  the first three dotted quads.
• 204.52.128.67 and 204.52.128.147 are in the same
  subnet, while 198.202.0.25 is not.

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A,B and C-Class Networks

• A-class networks
• first 8 bits fixed, from 0-126 (only 127)
• very large companies like IBM, BBN, DEC,HP
• can assign 3 dotted quads - up to 16 million
  hosts
• B-class networks
• first 16 bits fixed, first quad 128-191 and
  second 0-255 (16,384)
• Medium-sized companies like Microsoft, Exxon
• can assign 2 dotted quads - up to 65,535 hosts
• C-class networks
• first 24 bits fixed, first quad 192-223, second
  and third 0-255 (2,097,152)
• can assign 1 dotted quad - up to 253 hosts, 0 is
  the subnet address., 1 default router address,
  255 broadcast address.

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Subnet Mask

• Default subnet mask255.255.255.0
• Subnetting a C-Class network

Download and use the free IP Calculator
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More in IP and subnets

• Special addresses
• Network address first address in subnet
• Router address second address in subnet
• Broadcast address last address in subnet
• CIDR (slash x networks)
• shortage of IP addresses has led to it
• some examples

Subnet mask is 255.255.255.x
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Sockets and WinSock

• Sockets are the basic TCP requirement
• Socket address
• IP address of the receiver
• Port number of the receiving program (80,21,23)
• Type of port TCP or UDP
• WinSock is an adaptation of sockets to the PC
• it now comes as part of the PC OSs
• it is an application programming interface

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Internet Host Names

• Host names in Windows
• HOSTS - a list of IP and names (each machine)
• DNS - a server with a common table of IP names
  (use with Windows, together with Active
  Directory)
• WINS - Windows Internet Name Server
• not DNS compatible (use only with NT/9x)
• can resolve IP addresses inside a Windows
  network
• good with dealing with NetBEUI names
• FQDN
• Fully Qualified Domain Name
• name of a host like machine.org.domain, e.g.
  ubmail.ubalt.edu, with a DNS assignment to an
  IP

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Setting static IP addresses

• Install TCP/IP protocol (for NT/9x)
• open the network dialog
• select protocol, then add you will see the select
  protocol dialog
• click OK and NT/9x will will ask for disk and
  install TCP/IP
• Setup IP address details
• select TCP/IP protocol and click on properties
  you will see the TCP/IP properties dialog. See
  the equivalent in Windows 2000 , XP , VISTA, and
  Windows 7.
• Select the adapter you want to setup (up to six
  graphically)
• Fill in IP number, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway
• Select the DNS tab and you will see the DNS setup
  dialog
• Use Ping to test your setup.