Dr' Richard Leete

1
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective

• Dr. Richard Leete
• UNDP Resident Representative for Malaysia,
  Singapore and Brunei Darussalam
• June 13, 2005
• Kuala Lumpur

2
MDGs - Context
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective

• September 2000 Millennium Declaration (MD) agreed
  by 189 world leaders contains 8 mutually
  reinforcing time-bound goals (MDGs)
• MDGs an accountability framework and a global
  partnership for progressively eradicating
  poverty in all its dimensions
• MDGs synthesise goals of 1990s global UN
  conferences
• MDGs are international communitys commitment to
  eradicate poverty by 2015
• at forefront of global development agenda
• in addition to income, non-income dimensions
  include health, education, womens empowerment,
  and environmental management
• September 2005 UN General Assembly will review
  progress of MD implementation, especially of
  MDGs
• most countries have prepared national MDG reports

3
The 8 MDGsEach has time bound targets and
indicators
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective

• MDG 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• Target 1 1/2 of people whose income ltUS1 a
  day
• MDG 2 Achieve universal primary education
• MDG 3 Promote gender equality and empower
  women
• MDG 4 Reduce child mortality
• Target 5 Reduce by 2/3 between 1990 and 2015
  U5MR
• Indicators (i) U5MR
• (ii) IMR
• (iii) of children immunized against
  measles
• MDG 5 Improve maternal health
• Target 6 Reduce by ¾, between 1990 and 2015,
  the MMR
• MDG 6 Combat HIV-AIDS, malaria and other
  diseases
• Target 7 Have halted by 2015 and begun to
  reverse spread of HIV/AIDS

4
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective
Some regions are reducing extreme poverty in
others poverty is on the rise
Linear trend from 1990-2000
Current trend
MDG goal in 2015
MDG goal in 2015
Ahead of target
Population living in extreme poverty ()
Behind target
Middle East and North Africa
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
East Asia and Pacific
5
MDG 1 Poverty MDG targets already achieved
projected to be eliminated before 2015
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective
35
Trend from 1990 - 2002
Extrapolated trend
30
1990
Target in 2015
Ahead of target
25
Households living below poverty line ()
1990
20
1990
1990
2002
15
10
2002
5
2002
2002
0
MALAYSIA
Pen. Malaysia
Sabah
Sarawak
6
Poverty rates vary markedly among Sarawaks
diverse communities
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective
Poverty rates 2002
Sarawak 5.8 Bumiputera
8.0 Malays 5.2 Ibans
10.5 Other indigenous
6.8 Chinese 1.0
7
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective
Primary school enrolment is rising, yet many
children never attend school
Linear trend from 1990-2000
Current trend
Net primary enrolment ratio ()
MDG goal in 2015
On target
Ahead of target
Behind target
0
8
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective
Gender differentials in schooling are declining
sharply, yet discrimination against girls going
to school still persists
Girls primary and secondary enrolment in
relation to boys ()
Linear trend from 1990-2000
Current trend
MDG goal in 2015
On target
Ahead of target
Behind target
0
9
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective
Progress in reducing child mortality between 1990
and 2000 but faltering in poorest regions
Linear trend from 1990-2000
Current trend
MDG goal in 2015
Under-5 mortality rate per 1,000 live births,2000
On target
Behind target
Under-five mortality rate per 1000 live births
South Asia
Middle East and North Africa
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
East Asia and Pacific
10
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective
Too many births not attended by skilled health
personnel putting at risk mothers lives
Births attended by skilled health personnel ()
Linear trend from 1990-2000
Current trend
MDG goal in 2015
On target
Ahead of target
Behind target
0
11
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective
As use of family planning rises fewer mothers die
at childbirth
12
Maternal mortality can be reduced rapidly as
Malaysia and Sri Lanka have shown
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective
250
200
Malaysian Bumiputera
150
Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births

Sri Lanka
100
Malaysia
50
0
1970
75
80
85
90
95
2000
(3 year moving average)
13
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective
HIV/AIDS continues to spread at alarming
proportion in sub-Saharan Africa
11
Linear trend from 1990-2000
10
Current trend
MDG goal in 2015
9
On target
8
Behind target
7
South Asia
Middle East and North Africa
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
East Asia and Pacific
14
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective
Increasing Proportions of Women Are Living with
HIV/AIDS as the Pandemic Spreads
59
41
53
47
44
56
43
57
82
18
69
31
15
An Overview of the Millennium Development Goals
Global Perspective
Conclusions

• MDGs are achievable as Malaysia has shown
• Millennium Project Recommendations Sachs Plan
• Most focus ODA, with renewed determination, on
  poorest countries, avoiding thugocracies
• A Marshall Plan for worlds richest countries to
  assist worlds poorest, including fairer trade
  and debt forgiveness
• Adverse geography features must be factored into
  solutions
• Especially important are investments in human
  capital, especially in health and education, as
  well as infrastructure