Exploration: The Spanish Conquerors

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• Exploration The Spanish Conquerors

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Chapter 3The Spanish Conquerors

• Vocabulary
• Grant
• Conquistadors
• Desertion
• Triangular Trade
• Middle Passage
• Colonization

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Places to Locate

• North America.
• South America.
• Mexico, and the Gulf of Mexico.
• West Africa.
• St. Lawrence River, Quebec.
• St. Augustine, Florida.
• The Yucatan Peninsula.
• Caribbean Sea.
• Island of Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Cuba.

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Spain Challenges PortugalTreaty of Tordesillas

• Created a line of demarcation that divided the
  world between Spain and Portugal.
• Where do you think this line was placed?

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Spanish Empire
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Conquistadors Empire Builders.

• Spanish soldiers who sought gold and silver.
• Read about one of the Conquerors (choose from de
  Leon, Cortez, or Narvaez) in this lesson.
• Now, write a paragraph describing this man,
  including his nationality, his goals, and his
  accomplishments.

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How did Cortes defeat the Aztecs?

• They thought Cortes was a God.
• Cortez arrived at harvest time, when the Aztec
  were generally not prepared for war.
• Outbreaks of disease also helped to weaken the
  Aztecs
• Better Weapons

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Francisco Pizarro Destroys Incas

• In 1532, Pizarro entered into Peru.
• His small band of 175 men took over the entire
  Incan Empire.
• Kidnapped Atahualpa who attempted to bargain with
  Pizarro for his life with 124 tons of gold.

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Encomienda System

• The Spanish leaders gave the conquerors control
  over Native labor.
• Supposed to be paid but rarely were.
• Early form of slavery
• Some lose will to live.

• Natives lose their culture.

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Death of two Empires

• The population in the Aztec empire went from 25.3
  million in 1519, to just one million in 1605.

• The native population of Peru declined from 1.3
  million in 1570, to 600,000 in 1620.

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Columbian Exchange Mix of Culture

• The people of the New World gain several aspects
  of the European culture but lose much of their
  their own culture.
• The Domesticated Horse
• - Smallpox and other Diseases were spread.
• Foods such as wheat

• Europe is introduced to the culture of the New
  World.
• The Turkey
• Foods like corn, potatoes, and squash
• Crops like tobacco and cotton
• - Slavery!

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Over 10 million slaves were taken against their
will to the Americas during the nearly 300 years
of the Atlantic slave trade.
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Middle Passage

• The voyage from the African coast to the Americas
  was called the Middle Passage.
• Among the most difficult sea passages ever
  undertaken. On average, 16 percent of the men,
  women, and children involved died.

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Slave Trade
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Triangular Trade

• In the first leg of the triangle, European
  merchants purchased African slaves with goods
  made in Europe or imported from European
  colonies.
• They then sold the slaves in the Caribbean and
  purchased such goods like sugar, cotton, and
  tobacco.
• Finally the merchants would sell these goods in
  Europe and North America. They would use the
  profits from these sales to purchase more goods
  to trade in Africa, continuing the trading cycle.

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Examples of Triangular Trade
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Triangular Trade
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Review Questions

• What was the Columbian Exchange?
• Where were the triangular trade routes?
• What was the encomienda system?
• What is a Conquistador?
• What was the Middle Passage?
• Explain, why was the population of Mexico was
  reduced so drastically?

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Triangular Trade Review