Vocabulary

1
Vocabulary

• Chancellor
• Realpolitik
• Annex
• Kaiser
• Reich
• Social welfare
• Anarchist
• Emigration
• Emancipation
• Electorate
• Free trade
• Repeal

• Home rule
• Provisional
• Premier
• Coalition
• Libel
• Expansionism
• Abolitionist
• Isolationism
• Imperialism
• Protectorate
• Sphere of influence

Elite Genocide Concession Trade surplus Trade
deficit Extraterritoriality Homogeneous
society Indigenous Confederation Dominion Regional
ism
2
Nationalism and Imperialism1800 to 1914Chapters
23-26
31 Questions 4 Summaries
3
Nationalism a strong feeling of pride and
devotion to ones country
4
Germany

• Napoleon
• Dissolved the Holy Roman Empire
• Created the Rhine Confederation
• Congress of Vienna
• Created German Confederation
• Controlled by Austria
• Bismarck, Otto von 1862
• Aligned with Austria
• Annexed parts of Germany to control the German
  Confederation
• Insulted Napoleon III starting the
  Franco-Prussian War 1870

5
Germany

• William I King of Prussia
• Took the title Kaiser meaning emperor
• Ushered in the second Reich (Holy Roman Empire is
  the 1st)
• William II
• Expanded social welfare
• Transportation, electricity, public schools, etc.
• Expanded the army and navy to win an overseas
  empire
• Becomes Europes leading industrial giant

6
Italy

• Had been a battleground for foreign and local
  princes
• Nationalists wanted to unite due to language and
  customs
• City-states controlled by various empires
• N W by Austria, NE by France
• Catholic church Rome and central parts called the
  Papal lands
• South was the Kingdom of Two Sicilys
• Kingdom of Sardinia
• Combined Italy under King Emmanuel II By 1870
• Factionalism brought civil war
• Church bitter
• Population increased encouraging immigration to
  the U.S.

7
Hapsburg Empire Austria

• Slowly declining
• Nationalistic feelings of Austrias ethnic
  groups... Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ukrainians,
  Romanians, Serbs, Croats, Hungarians and German
  speaking Austrians
• 1866 defeat by Prussia caused a split
• Creating Hungary-Austrian empire

Coat of Arms of Austria-Hungary, adopted in 1915
to emphasize the unity of the Empire during WWI
8
Ottoman Empire

• Sick Old Man ethnically diverse
• Various groups revolted
• Serbia 1817, Greece 1830's, others followed
• France, Britain, Austria began taking pieces of
  the Old Man

9
Summary

• Use at least four sentences to summarize your
  notes up to this point.

10
Western Democracies

• Grow during the 1800's
• France, Britain and United States
• The people taking more governmental power

British Labour leader, workers' rights campaigner
and politician Keir Hardie making a speech in
Trafalgar Square.
11
United States National and Economic growth

• Manifest Destiny --- 4,000,000 Americans moved
  to western territories between 1820 and 1850
• Expands from ocean to ocean
• Texas 1845, Mexican Secession 1848, Oregon
  Country 1846, Alaska 1867, Hawaii 1898 and
  Florida 1819
• Became the worlds leading industrial giant
• Had a tradition of isolationism

12
Imperialism.....the domination by one country of
the political, economic, or cultural life of
another country

• Industrialized nations enlightened economic and
  political power allowed them to dominate and
  build overseas colonial empires

13
Motives for Imperialism

• Economic interests
• Needed raw materials
• New markets
• Immigration
• Political and military interests
• Needed resupply bases
• National security
• Humanitarian Goals
• Thought it was their duty to share their
  blessings with little brothers
• Social Darwinism
• European races superior...natural selection

14
Success 1870-1914

• Europeans controlled most of the world Why?
• Other countries were weakold empires declining
• Slave trade weakened Africa
• Superior technology and medical knowledge (maxim
  gun)
• Strong central government economies

15
Problems with Imperialism

• Resistance
• Western educated natives pushed for nationalism
• Anti-imperialists questioned the treatment of the
  colonies

16
Africa Partitioned

• Resistance Zulu vs Britain, Algerians vs French,
  E. Africa vs Germany
• Ethiopia survives beats Italy ---Christian
• Modernized roads, bridges, schools, weapons
  training
• Creates and native African Elite
• Western trained
• Forged nationalist movements

17
Forms of western rule

• Colonies direct or indirect rule, using military
  force when needed.
• Protectorateslocal rulers had to do as told
• Spheres of Influence exclusive investment or
  trading privileges.
• U.S. claimed So. America
• Europe claimed China and So. E. Asia

18
Summary

• Use at least four sentences to summarize your
  notes up to this point.

19
Europeans challenge the Muslim world

• Mughals in India, Ottomans in the Middle East,
  Safavids in Iran
• All in decline by mid 1700's
• Reform movements
• Stressed religious piety
• Caused more internal problems

20
Ottomans

• Nationalism caused internal revolts
• Tried to modernize but too little and too late
  (WWI)
• Egypt borrowed to build the Suez canal 1869
• Defaulted to Britain
• Became Britains protectorate

21
India

• British East India Company
• Negative effects
• Exploited diversity to make money
• saw India as a market and source of raw materials
• encouraged cash crops deforestation
• caused a famine in the late 1800's
• Positive effects
• brought peace and order
• revised legal system
• communications transportation
• increased education
• India did not become an independent nation until
  1947

22
China

• Prior to 1800 had a trade surplus
• Opium War 1839 led to unequal treaties
• Treaty of Naming
• Britain received a huge indemnity
• Britain got Hong Kong
• China opened 5 more ports
• British citizens received extraterritoriality

23
Qing Dynasty 1800's in decline

• Taiping Rebellion peasant revolt
• Lasted 14 yrs then crushed
• Reform efforts thwarted by Qings Confucian
  beliefs
• Boxer Rebellion 1899
• Righteous Harmonious Fists
• Crushed by western powers and Japan
• China again gave up concessions
• 37 years more of civil and foreign wars

24
Summary

• Use at least four sentences to summarize your
  notes up to this point.

25
Japan

• 1853 U.S. navy gunboats force Japan to open their
  ports
• Ending 215 years of isolation
• Tokugawa shoguns were in trouble
• Corruption was common
• Daimyos were land rich and cash poor
• Samurai were bureaucrats not fighters
• Merchants resented being on the bottom of society
• Peasants suffered under heavy taxes

26
Meiji Restoration - 1867

• Daimyo and samurai revolted
• Put Meiji in as emperor
• Lasted until 1912
• Government used the German Model
• All citizens equal under the law
• Diet (Legislature)
• Emperor was autocratic
• Bureaucracy used separate departments
• All men were subject to military service

27

• Economy followed the western style
• By 1890's was the Asia industrial powerhouse
• Social changes
• More and better schools
• Class distinctions outlawed but survived
  unofficially
• Literacy increased
• Amazing success
• Homogenous society strong sense of identity

The delegates of the Iwakura mission were among
the first Japanese to encounter the West after
Japan emerged from a long period of international
isolation in the mid-19th century. The Meiji
government, which had recently overthrown Japans
centuries-old feudal system, sent the mission
around the world from 1871 to 1873 to study the
economic and political systems of Western
countries
28
Sino-Japanese War 1894

• Took control of Taiwan
• Forced treaty ports in China
• In 1904 took control and annexed Korea
  (protectorate for 35yrs)
• Began modernizing its empire

29
Economic Imperialism in South America

• Colonial effects
• Created a ruling elite
• Unequal trading
• Regionalism
• Church controlled huge tracts of land and
  privileges
• Foreign capital built mining, ranches, ports and
  railroads

30
U.S. claims all of the Americas

• Monroe Doctrine James Monroe 1823
• The American continents are henceforth not to be
  considered as subjects for future colonization by
  any European power.
• Roosevelt Corollary late 1800's
• U.S. claimed international police power to
  protect U.S. interests

31
Yankee Imperialism

• Cuba liberated 1901
• Panama Canal opened 1914
• revolt against Colombia

32
Summary

• Use at least four sentences to summarize your
  notes up to this point.

33
Impact of Imperialism

• Global economy emerged dominated by the
  industrial nations
• Money economy replaced the barter system
• Economic dependency colonies produce the raw
  materials
• Colonys rose and fell with the price of the
  materials
• Did not produce enough food famine
• Modernization
• Banking system
• New technology
• Invested huge amounts of capital

34
Cultural Impacts

• Modernization and westernization are the same
• Schools and hospitals
• Undermined local healers and herbalists
• Religion
• Christianity spread world wide
• Not much in areas of Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism
  and Confucianism
• Urbanization
• Hurt village life
• Columbian Exchange expands
• Brazilian coffee, Sir Lankan tea, Honduran
  bananas, rubber So E Asia and So America
• History uncovered
• Many ancient civilizations unearthed

35
European powers teetered on the brink of war

• Interlocking treaties
• Military growth
• National ambitions

36
Stay Tuned World War One Is Coming