Computers Are Your Future

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Computers Are Your Future

• Chapter 1
• Computers, the Web You

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What You Will Learn About

• The importance of computers in your world
• The four basic operations a computer performs
• The two main components of a computer system
• Hardware
• Software
• The differences between system software and
  application software

3
What You Will Learn About

• Examples of hardware devices
• The information processing cycle
• Ethical considerations involved with computer
  usage
• The two major categories of computers
• The Internet and its most popular uses

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Understanding the Computer Basic Definitions

• Computer A machine that performs four basic
  operations input, processing, output, and
  storage.
• Information processing cycle The term used to
  describe the four basic operations.

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Understanding the Computer Basic Definitions
Software
Hardware

• Computer system A collection of related
  components that are designed to work together.
• A system includes hardware and software.

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Understanding the Computer Basic Definitions

• Program A list of instructions that tell the
  computer how to perform the four basic operations
  to accomplish a task.

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Understanding the Computer Basic Definitions

• Software All the programs that give the
  computer its instructions.
• Two categories of software
• System software Application
  software

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Input Getting Data into the Computer

• Data Unorganized raw materials made up of
  words, numbers, images, or sounds
• The first operation
• Input devices enable the user to enter data into
  the computer.
• The computer accepts data.

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Processing Transforming Data into Information
DATA IN
INFORMATION OUT

• The second operation
• Computers transform data into information.
• Processing circuitry
• Central processing unit (CPU)
• Random access memory (RAM)

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Output Displaying Information

• The third operation
• The computer shows the results of the processing
  operation in a way people can understand.
• Output devices show the results of processing
  operations.

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Storage Holding Programs and Data for Future Use

• The fourth operation
• The computer saves the data or output so that it
  can be used again later.
• Storage devices hold all programs and data that
  the computer uses.

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Communications Moving Data between Computers

• A fifth operation
• Moving data within the computer or between
  computers
• Communications devices Enable computers to
  connect to a computer network.
• Network Two or more computer systems that are
  connected.
• Modem A device that enables the computer to
  access other computers.

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The Information Processing Cycle In Action

• Input You enter text in a word processing
  program.
• You run the programs spell checker program.
• Processing The computer checks and compares all
  words entered with a list of correctly spelled
  words.
• Output The computer provides a list of apparent
  misspellings.
• You correct the spelling in your document.
• Storage You save the revised document to a disk.

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Dont Be Intimidated by Hardware

• People feel threatened by computers because they
  fear computers are too complicated.
• Computers should be treated in the same way as
  any other electrical device.

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Take Ethics Seriously

• Ethics is the behavior associated with moral
  beliefs.
• Computer ethics deals with computer-related moral
  dilemmas and principles for computer
  professionals.
• Responsible computing requires an understanding
  of both the benefits of computer use and the
  potential harm of computer misuse.
• Examples Work, Virsus

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Recognize the Risks of Using Flawed Software

• All programs contain errors.
• All computer use entails a certain level of risk.
• Bug An error or defect in software or hardware
  that causes a program to malfunction.

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Input Devices
Mouse pointing device
Keyboard
Microphone speech-recognition
Digital Cameras
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Processing Devices
Motherboard
Expansion Card
Central Processing Unit CPU
Random Access Memory RAM
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Output Devices
Monitor
Printer
Speakers
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Storage Devices
Hard Drive
CD/DVD Drive
Floppy Disk Drive
Zip Drive
Micro Drive
Tape Drive
Jaz Drive
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Communications Devices
Modem
Network Interface Card NIC
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Types of Computers

• Computers for Individuals

Workstation
Personal Digital Assistant
Desktop PC, iMac
Notebook Laptop
All-in-One
Internet Appliance
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Types of Computers Computers for Organizations

• Mainframes handle gigantic processing jobs for
  large corporations or agencies.
• Supercomputers are ultra-fast and handle huge
  amounts of scientific data.

• Servers are not designed for individuals. They
  make programs available for network users.
• Minicomputers handle the computing for small
  corporations

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The Internet and World Wide Web

• A global information system composed of computers
  and networks
• All computers connected to it can exchange data
  with each other.
• TCP/IP the Protocol that puts it all together

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Internet Services
Electronic mail (e-mail)
World Wide Web (WWW)
Instant messaging

• World Wide Web (WWW)
• Electronic mail (e-mail)
• Instant messaging
• Electronic commerce (e-commerce)

Electronic commerce (e-commerce)
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Chapter 1 Summary

• Computer users must be able to adapt to new
  computer technologies with ease.
• A computer is a machine that performs the
  operations of input, processing, output, and
  storage.
• A computer system is a collection of related
  components.
• System software helps the computer function
  properly and application programs enable users to
  perform tasks.
• The information processing cycle consists of the
  input, processing, output, and storage operations.

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Chapter 1 Summary (continued)

• Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of
  computer use is necessary for responsible
  computing.
• Two types of computers
• Computers for individuals
• Computers for organizations
• The Internet is a global information network.
• Internet services include e-mail, the World Wide
  Web, instant messaging, and e-commerce.