CIS 105 Survey of Computer Information Systems

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CIS 105 Survey of Computer Information Systems

• Essential Concepts and Terminology
• Study Unit 8

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Web Site.

• A location on the World Wide Web that contains a
  collection of related documents and a common
  top-level address.

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Index Page. (Home Page.)

• A default page that automatically displays when
  the top level of a Web site is accessed.

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URL (Uniform Resource Locator).

• The unique and complete address that specifies
  precisely the location of a document or resource
  on the World Wide Web.

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Path.

• The portion of a URL that specifies the location
  of a document on the Internet, including the
  domain name and site folders. An example is
  jqjacobs.net/edu/cis105/

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Resource Name.

• The portion of a URL specifying file name and
  extension. Examples are index.html or style.css.

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

• The rules specifying the format of URLs and the
  procedures clients and servers utilize to
  communicate. Also, http// is the identifier at
  the beginning of a URL.

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Boolean Operators.

• The operators AND, OR, and NOT, often used with
  keywords to specify search parameters.

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Search Engine.

• A program to locate information in a database. A
  service providing a searchable database of Web
  documents.

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Wildcard Character.

• A symbol, such as an asterisk, used to represent
  a string of characters, and often supported by
  search engines.

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Proximity Operator.

• A symbol or keyword, such as NEAR, used in
  searches to retrieve records only if two
  specified words occur close to each other.

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E-commerce.

• Short for electronic commerce, it is the business
  of buying and selling products online.

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Encryption.

• The process, using a cipher key, of converting
  information so that it cannot be understood or
  changed back into its original form without the
  key.

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Secure Mode.

• In a Web browser, the mode of operation in which
  all communications are encrypted.

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World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

• An international consortium of experts that
  specifies standards for www languages and
  development.

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Declarative Language.

• A computer language that can be used to identify
  the components of a text and codify their
  presentation. (Synonymous with markup language.)

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HTML (Hypertext Markup Language).

• A standardized, plain text document format used
  to display Web pages. Markup refers to the code
  tags, such as lthtmlgt or lttablegt, and the method
  of marking the code (brackets).

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HTML Tag.

• A markup inserted into an HTML document to
  provide information about a unit of content. All
  HTML tags are enclosed in brackets (ie. lttablegt).
  Some tags require closing tags (ie. lt/tablegt).

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HTML Elements.

• In HTML, elements are markup declarations to
  display or format parts of Web pages. Examples
  are ltpgt for paragraph or ltbgt for bold.

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Attribute.

• In the context of HTML, additional required or
  optional information enabling specification of
  characteristics of elements and related values
  (ie. lttable width 80"gt).

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Value.

• In the HTML context, a value specifies
  information about an attribute, is often
  required, and is typically preceded by an equals
  sign and enclosed in quotation marks (ie. ltfont
  colorredgt).

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Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).

• A document type definition (DTD) standard for how
  to specify a markup language or tag set.

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Extensible Markup Language (XML).

• A simplified, easy-to-use version of SGML similar
  to HTML that allows definition of customized tags.

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Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).

• A markup language providing specific presentation
  information for single html tags, for all
  specified tags in a document, or, as a linked
  document, for many documents.

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Web Server.

• A computer that uses software to transmit Web
  pages and associated files over the Internet.

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End of Study Unit 8.

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Created by James Q. Jacobs