HighTemperature Reactors for Combined Heat Electricity

1
High-Temperature Reactors for Combined Heat /
Electricity Hydrogen Production

• Conclusions
• Maria Teresa DominguezEMPRESARIOS AGRUPADOS
  INTERNACIONAL
• Werner von LensaFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH GmbH

2
Service as Driving Force
Figure D. Sanborn Scott
3
Energy System Chain
Figure D. Sanborn Scott
4
Target for Nuclear Power Services Today and
Tomorrow
Transportation Industry Heat 2/3
Gasoline, H2,Chem. Products, Metals,
Water,Ammonia,Heating
1/3
5
Variety of Applications

• Diverse Applications
• Specific Temperature Needs
• CHP more economic
• Power size limited (SMRs)
• Different reactor systems
• HTR first choice for NPH
• Existing markets
• CHP Desalination
• Refineries/Petrochemistry
• Oilsands/Coal processing
• Steam reformer technology (Transition)
• Long-term options
• Water splitting (VHTR)
• Hydrogen Economy

200
1200
1000
200
1200
1000
1600
1400
800
600
400
1600
1400
800
600
400
Glass manufacture
Glass manufacture
Cement manufacture
Cement manufacture
Iron manufacture
Iron manufacture
with Blast furnace
with Blast furnace
Direct reduction method
Direct reduction method
Electricity generation (Gas turbine)
Electricity generation (Gas turbine)
Gasification of coal
Gasification of coal
Al-oxide
Hydrogen (IS process)
Hydrogen (IS process)
Hydrogen (Steam reforming )
Hydrogen (Steam reforming )
Ethylene (naphtha, ethane)
Ethylene (naphtha, ethane)
Styrene (
ethylbenzene
)
Styrene (
ethylbenzene
)
Town gas
Town gas
Petroleum refineries
Petroleum refineries
Deesulfurization
of heavy oil
Desulfurization
of heavy oil
Application
Application
Wood pulp manufacture
Wood pulp manufacture
Urea synthesis
Urea synthesis
Desalination, District heating
Desalination, District heating
VHTR
850

1500 C
VHTR
850

1500 C
850 C
850 C
HTGR
HTGR
LMFBR
550 C
LMFBR
550 C
Nuclear Heat
Nuclear Heat
LWR, HWR
LWR, HWR
320 C
320 C
6
Better Fuel Utilisation in CHP Plants
7

Generating Options vs. CO2 Cost

Levelized Cost of Electricity, /MWh
100
90
IGCC
80
Wind
70
NGCC
Biomass
60
PC
50
Nuclear
40
30
0
10
20
30
40
50
Cost of CO2, /metric ton
Coal _at_ 1.50/mmBtu Natl Gas _at_ 6/mmBtu
Also true for Process Steam / Heat CHP !
Source EPRI
8
Cost of massive Hydrogen Production
Thermochemical
9
Hydrogen Production ? Other Sources
Method Needed for 1000 MW Electrical Photovoltaic
100 km2 _at_ 10 efficiency Wind 3,000 Wind
Turbines _at_ 1 MW ea. Biogas 60,000,000 pigs or
800,000,000 chickens 6,200 km2 of sugar
beets Bioalcohol 7,400 km2 of potatoes 16,100
km2 of corn 272,000 km2 of wheat
Bio-oil 24,000 km2 of rapseed Biomass 30,000
km2 of wood Nuclear lt1 km2 Mine
10
HYDRICITY for Electricity Market
11
Crude Oil Quality Change
C. W. Forsberg, ORNL
Next step dirty fuels requiring even more H2
and process steam
12
CO2 Reduction Gain in Resources

• Heavy Oil RecoveryConventional 2t
  OIP ? 1t Product 2,5t CO2Nuclear
  2t OIP 12 MWh ? 2t Product no CO2
• Methanol ProductionConventional 300m3 Gas
  ? 1t Product 1,5t CO2Nuclear 300m3
  Gas 3MWh ? 2t Product no CO2
• Oil ShaleConventional 12t Shale ?
  1t Product 2,5t CO2Nuclear 12t Shale 12
  MWh ? 2t Product no CO2
• Biomass ConversionConventional 12t Biomass
  ? 1t Product (CH3OH)Nuclear 12t Biomass
  10 MWh ? 2t Product
• ? Double Yield from Energy Resources by NPH !

13
Conclusions Outlook

• Higher Energy Efficiency Economics by Nuclear
  CHP
• Existing Market for Hydrogen already attractive
  for NPH
• SYNFUELS compatible with present Car Technology
• Dirty Energies need considerable Process Heat
  H2
• Familize Conventional Processes Nuclear
• Insert Nuclear Option into Hydrogen Platform EU
  Policy
• Extend RD on CHP Transition Technologies
• Save Upgrade European Knowledge on NPH
• Use Synergies from International Collaboration
  (e.g. GIF)

14
Hydrogen Nuclear Economy
Nuclear and Hydrogen Need to Team Up In Order to
Develop the Full Potential of Both Technologies
15
End of the Workshop
Thanks for Your Participation !