History of Physical Education

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History of Physical Education

• Now and Then

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Many Have Contributed
? A wide variety of people have contributed to
the development of physical education ?
Developed over time, by adding a pieces by
pieces ?More on the history www.unm.edu/lkravitz
/Article20folder/history.html
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The Beginning of Physical Education
Johann Bernhard Basedow 1723-1790 First to
recognize the importance of exercise Required a
specific uniform for his students to allow
unrestricted movement Offered a camp for 2
months during the summer for the children Was
known as a difficult man to work with For More
Information go to www.bookrags.com/Johann_Berhard_
Basedow
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A Teacher Is Born
Charles Beck 1798-1866 ?Friend and follower of
Jahn ?Was hired to teach Latin and Physical
Education in the form of German
gymnastics ?Became the first official Physical
Education teacher in America
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Games Activities of the 1800s

• Games from the Old Days
• Skip Away
• Chasingers
• Charlie Over the Water
• Frog in the Middle
• Hat Ball
• Blind Mans Buff

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Blind Mans Buff

• Rules
• Any number can play. One member (IT) of the
  class or group is blindfolded and counts to 20 or
  is spun around, whilst the rest scatter about the
  room. The blindfolded person has to chase and
  catch somebody and identify him or her correctly,
  by touch alone. If IT guesses correctly, the
  person identified becomes IT. If IT doesnt
  identify the person, then the game begins again
  with the same person as IT.

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Promoting Physical Education
Diocletian (Dio) Lewis 1823-1866 ? Did more to
promote physical education than any other single
individual ? Wanted the feeble, old, fat, frail
and women to have a system they could use ?
Opened the Normal Institute of Physical Education
in Boston ? Invented bean bags and wooden
dumbells ? Also used music to enhance his
exercises For More Information go
to http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian_Lewis
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The Exercise Machine
Dudley Allen Sargent 1840-1924 ? Invented over
80 machines, using pulleys weights ?
Contributed to anthropometric measurements - He
took these measurements and compared them with
standards at a given age, whereupon a series of
prescribed exercises was given to meet the
demands of each particular case
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Games and Activities from 1900-20s

• School Time Games
• Midnight
• Roll Ball
• Puss in the Circle
• Spider
• Huntsman
• Brownies and Fairies
• Frog in the Sea
• The Lost Child
• Run for Your Supper
• Crows and Cranes

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Crows and Cranes

• Rules
• Formation Two lines of players, the same number
  in each line, back to back and about one yard
  apart
• The Game One line is designated as the crows,
  the other cranes. If the teacher calls out
  cranes the cranes will turn and chase them.
  Those tagged go over to the other side. Should
  the teacher call, crows the play is reversed.
  The side having the greatest number of players at
  the end of the playing times wins.

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Word Origins

• Do you ever wonder where some of the words we use
  in physical education come from?
• Exercise From the Latin words ex arcere,
  to restrain.
• Gymnasium From the Greek word gumnasion or
  gumnazein meaning to exercise naked.

• Kinesiology From the Greek words kinesis
  movement .
• Physical Education From the Latin words
  physica, physics and educatio.
• Physiology From the Greek words phusio,
  nature and ology for branch of learning.
• Flexibility From the Latin word flexus, to
  bend.

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Physical Education Comes to America
? 1820s Some American schools integrated P.E.
into their curriculum ? After the Civil War,
many states required that schools teach physical
education ? For the first time, specialized
training was offered for physical education
instructors ? In another first, colleges offered
intercollegiate sports such as rowing, football,
and track and field ? The Olympic Games were
restored in 1896, after a 1,400-year
interlude
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The Changing Face of Physical Education

• Large groups, limited equipment
• Athletes are leaders
• Skill related
• Teacher directed
• Emphasis on competition
• Grades based on attendance, dress, skill, level,
  fitness scores

• Small groups adequate equipment for active
  participation
• All students have opportunities for success
• Health related
• Teacher as coach/guide
• Emphasis on cooperation
• Grades based on self-improvement,
  self-evaluation peer assessment, skill rubrics

• Old PE Looks Like This

• New PE Looks Like This

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What Constitutes a Quality Physical Education
Program?

• - Should Include the Following Three Things
• ? Opportunities for students to learn (time,
  equipment)
• ? Meaningful Content (variety, understanding)
• ? Appropriate Instruction (inclusion, practice,
  assessment)
• Importance at each level
• www.aahperd.org/naspe/pdf_files/pos_paper/pe_criti
  cal.pdf

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A purpose is served
The purpose of physical education is for all
students ? To learn and develop fundamental
movement skills ? To become physically fit to
participate regularly in physical activity ? To
know the implications of and the benefits from
involvement in physical activities ? To
appreciate the value of physical activity and its
contributions to a healthy lifestyle
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Facts About Physical Activity

• The percentage of overweight children has more
  than doubled since the early 1970s.
• Physical inactivity and poor diet account for
  an estimated 300,000 deaths per year.
• Inactive children are more likely to become
  inactive adults.
• The cost of overweight and obesity to the U.S.
  economy is 117 billion annually in direct and
  indirect medical costs.
• Tips to getting fit
• http//archieves.ob-us.com/obs/english/books/pg/ge
  tfit.htm

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IMportance
Why is Physical Education So Important? Here's
Why ... Reduced Risk of Heart Failure
Improved Physical Fitness Weight Reduction
Good Health Promotion Self Discipline
Skill Development Improved Self - Confidence
Stress Reduction Increase Their Love of
School and Performance in Academics
Development of Lifetime Skills and Activities

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What to Wear?

• Most schools require students to change into
  athletic clothes of their own while others
  require a uniform.
• Uniform Consist of
• White t-shirt
• Shorts in the school color
• A change of shoes
• Uniforms can vary depending
• on the school.

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A Quote to Remember
Physical fitness is not only one of the most
important keys to a healthybody, it is the basis
of dynamic and creative intellectual activity.
Therelationship between the soundness of the
body and the activities of themind is subtle and
complex. Much is not yet understood. But we do
know whatthe Greeks knew that intelligence and
skill can only function at the peakof their
capacity when the body is healthy and strong." -
President John Fitzgerald Kennedy
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References
www.pittschools.org/aes/hist/history.html
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_Education
http//www.cde.state.co.us/cdeassess/documents/sta
ndards/physed.htm http//www.faqs.org/health/top
ics/2/Physicall-Education.html
http//www.mikespe.com/physed_june_2004.html
http//images.google.com