Welcome to Veterinary Immunology

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Welcome toVeterinary Immunology
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M. Suresh, DVM, MVSc., PhDAssociate Professor of
Immunology Pathobiological Sciences
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Course

• Basic Immunology-Suresh
• Clinical Immunology-Schultz
• Lab-Team Taught

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Required Text Books

• Basic Immunology
• Functions and Disorders of the Immune System
• Second Edition (Updated 2006-07)
• Abbas and Lichtman
• Veterinary Immunology
• Tizard

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General Propertiesof Immune Responses

• Lecture 1

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• History
• Definition of Immunity
• Brief Overview of Immune System and Functions

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Thucydides (430 BC)

• Plague of Athens
• Yet it was with those who had recovered from the
  disease that the sick and the dying found most
  compassion. These knew what it was from
  experience, and had now no fear for themselves
  for the same man was never attacked twice - never
  at least fatally
• Resistance to re-infection-Immunity

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• Edward Jenner
• Chinese-Variolation
• Prophylactic measure against Smallpox
• 1798-Cow Pox/Vaccinia Induced Protection Against
  Small Pox-Vaccination
• 2 Centuries to Eradicate Small Pox
• Greatest Triumph in Modern Medicine

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Louis Pasteur

• Science of Immunology was born in his lab.
• 1880 Cholera Vaccine
• Chickens

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Louis Pasteur

• 1880 Cholera Vaccine-Chickens Rabies, Anthrax
  Vaccine
• Jenners Strategy of Vaccination was Extended to
  Other Diseases (generalized)
• Realization of the importance of reducing
  virulence of immunizing pathogen

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Discovery of Humoral Immunity

• 1890 von Behring and Kitasato
• Filtrates from cultures of Clost. tetani can
  confer protection.
• Serotherapy
• Serum of vaccinated people had substances that
  specifically bound to the relevant pathogen
  (ANTIBODIES)

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Modern Immunology
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WHAT is the immune system?

• Complex defense system
• Physiological function is to
• Prevent infections
• Eradicate established infections
• Self/Nonself discrimination

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Do we really need an immune system?
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Who has an immune system?
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Severe Fungal Infection in a Fruit Fly.
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Who has an immune system?

• ALL animals.
• Vert-Invert systems analogous
• Various vert systems homologous

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Why study the immune system?
Immune Response can be Beneficial or Harmful
Depending upon the Nature of Antigen
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Beneficial Effects of Immune Responses
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Eradication of Smallpox by Vaccination
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Successful Vaccination Campaigns in the US
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Introduction of the vaccines for Canine Distemper
and Canine Adenovirus-1 (ICH) in the 1960s led
to a dramatic decrease in the annual incidence of
these diseases in the United States (Prepared by
Dr. R.D. Schultz)
_____CDV _____ CAV-1 CAV-2
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Introduction of vaccines for Canine Parvovirus-2
led to a dramatic decrease in the annual
incidence of this disease in the United States.
(Prepared by Dr. R.D. Schultz)
_____ CPV-2
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IMMUNITY TO TUMORS
Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor
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When Immune Response Goes Bad!Adverse/Damaging
Effects of Immune Responses
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Flea Bite Dermatitis-Allergy
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Autoimmune Diseases

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Generalized alopecia
• Crusting

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Autoimmune Diseases

• Pemphigus

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Clinical Manipulation of the Immune
Response!Tissue/Organ Transplantation
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Immune Response can be Beneficial or
Harmful Depending upon the Nature of Antigen
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Definition

• The term immunity (immunitas-Latin word)
  originally denoted the exemption of an individual
  from service to the Roman state now, in medical
  terms, it denotes resistance to reinfection/free
  of disease

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Immunity

• Immunity refers to mechanisms used by the body as
  protection against environmental agents that are
  foreign to the body
• Microorganisms
• Foods
• Chemicals, Drugs, Pollen etc.

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How Does Immune System Work?
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What is Immunology?
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use preformed components to non-specifically
clear the agent
produce specific components directed against the
agent
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Innate and Adaptive Immunity
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Types of Adaptive Immunity
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How can you induce immunity in an individual?
Yes (T cells)
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