CHEMICAL BONDS

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CHEMICAL BONDS Covalent

• Chapter 6

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6.2 BONDING journal

• Take out your Bonding Basics Worksheet and
  Homework.
• On the worksheet, draw a Lewis Dot Structure for
  each of the elements named for each example.

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6.2 BONDING journal 2

• Show all of the steps needed to bond Sodium and
  Bromine.
• Show all of the steps needed to bond Magnesium
  and Fluorine.
• What is the full definition of an ionic bond?
• Why do elements bond?
• Answer the question for Figure 10 on page 166 of
  your book.

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6.2 BONDING

• Chemical PROPERTIES depend on the number of
  valence electrons.

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6.2 BONDING

• Therefore, chemical bonding and reactivity depend
  on an elements electron configuration.

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6.2 BONDING

• STABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
• Which group does this describe?

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6.2 BONDING

• What do elements with UNSTABLE ELECTRON
  CONFIGURATIONS do?

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6.2 BONDING

• They BOND
• COVALENT BONDING

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
• Both Hydrogens are now STABLE in their highest
  energy levels

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
• What type of element is Hydrogen?

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• What element is this?

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• How many electrons are
• shared in each picture?

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• Two A PAIR
• This is called a SINGLE
• COVALENT BOND

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• Each atom shares AN EQUAL number
• of electrons to fill its outer shell

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• This is how you DRAW a
• SINGLE COVALENT BOND

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• A single line means each atom shared
• one electron each to get full.

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• How would you show the bond between Carbon and
  Hydrogen?
• BREAK FOR THE BONDING BASICS SHEET

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• How would you show the bond between Carbon and
  Hydrogen?

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• How would you DRAW the bond between Carbon and
  Hydrogen?

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• What kind of bond would 2 oxygen atoms form?
• COVALENT

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• How many electrons does each atom need?
• TWO

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• How many TOTAL electrons are shared?
• FOUR

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• How would you draw this?
• This is a DOUBLE COVALENT BOND. 2 pairs shared

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• What kind of bond would 2 nitrogen atoms form?
• COVALENT

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• How many electrons does each atom need?
• Three

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• How many total electrons are shared?
• Six (three pairs)

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• How would you draw this?
• This is a TRIPLE COVALENT BOND 3 pairs shared

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• Sometimes electrons are NOT SHARED EQUALLY

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• This is called a POLAR COVALENT MOLECULE

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• The molecule has a negative side and positive side

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• The molecule has a negative side and positive side

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• Whenever electrons are SHARED, the thing that is
  formed is called a MOLECULE.

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6.2 BONDING

• COVALENT BONDING the forming of a stable
  electron configuration through electron SHARING
  between NONMETALS
• How do you write the Chemical Formula for a
  MOLECULE?

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6.2 BONDING

• How do you write the Chemical Formula for a
  MOLECULE?
• H2
• O2
• CH4
• F2
• N2

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BONDING

• HOW DO YOU NAME A MOLECULE?
• H2O
• Dihydrogen oxide
• CO2
• Carbon dioxide
• CaCO3
• Calcium carbonate
• HCl
• Hydrogen Chloride
• HNO3
• Hydrogen nitrate

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Building Covalent Molecules
Number of shared electrons Name of bond Shown in a structural formula by what symbol? Shown in a model by how many of what item?
2 SINGLE ----- ONE STICK
4 DOUBLE TWO SPRINGS
6 TRIPLE THREE SPRINGS
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Building Covalent Molecules
Number of covalent bonds needed to get a full
outer shell number of holes
Lewis Dot
Color
Element
4
BLACK
C
1
YELLOW
H
2
RED
O
2
SILVER
S
3
BLUE
N
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Building Covalent Molecules

• Suppose you need to make three covalent bonds to
  get a full outer shell. What are three ways of
  covalent bonding involving combinations of
  single, double, and triple bonds that you could
  use?

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Building Covalent Molecules

• When you build a good model what happens to the
  holes in the atomic models?
• THEY ARE FULL

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Structural formula
Chemical Formula
What is used for or where is it found?
Molecules name
H2O
F Atmosphere Crust Living Things Uses
Respiration Photosynthesis
water
O2
Atmosphere Crust Living things Uses Rocket
Boosters And Fuel respiration photosynthesis
Cryo-Storage
oxygen
N2
Atmosphere Living Organisms Plant food gunpowder
rocket fuel ammonia
nitrogen
CH4
Earths Crust deep in the ocean Heating cooking
Car fuel
methane
C3H8
Earths Crust Fuel power grills
propane
C4H10
Fossil Fuel Cooking fuel lighters aerosol spray
butane
H2S
Product of decaying Uses Law enforcement , Small
amounts used in certain novelty items
rotten egg gas
NH3
Sea water salt marshes Uses Fertilizer cleaner
explosives chemical warfare (mustard gas)
ammonia
CO2
Atmosphere Uses Photosynthesis Propellant
Paintball Airsoft
carbon dioxide