Emergence: From the Beginning

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EmergenceFrom the Beginning

• Intro to Nanotechnology
• Foothill De Anza Colleges

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Emergence the Foundation of Nano

• Emergence of everything
• The first three minutes
• Emergence of order
• Interconnected networks
• The atom as the central nanostructure
• Caught between physics and chemistry
• The unit of currency in materials science

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Emergence of Everything

• Emergence
• Emergence of phenomena and properties
• The First Three Minutes
• Crystallizing matter and energy
• Emergence of scale
• Hidden Order
• Emergence of interconnected networks

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The First Three Minutes

• An enormous expansion from a singularity called
  the big bang
• From ultra dense, hot energy, matter
  precipitated, and formed particles
• Our universe is the result of this event,
  including the presence of atoms
• Everything present in our universe today formed
  during these three minutes

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Cooling and Expansion

• Emergence of forces
• Gravitational force
• Strong force
• Weak force
• Emergence of particles
• Hadrons (from quarks)
• Leptons
• Electrons, muons, and neutrinos

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Emergence of Systems

• Particles from energy
• Atoms and periodic table
• Molecules and molecular networks
• Life, organisms, ecosystems
• Gaia as a complex adaptive system?

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Building Blocks of the Universe
http//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/FHSST_Physics_atomic_
nucleus_elementaryQuarks_and_leptons
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Emergence of Properties

• Forces separating
• Gravitational
• Strong
• Weak
• Electromagnetic force
• Quantum properties
• Charge, spin, orbitals

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The Atom - Emerged

• Quarks (six total, up / down)
• Hadrons (proton and neutron)
• Leptons (electrons, neutrino)
• Weak forces (nuclear decay)
• Electron rules periodic table

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Emergence of Forces
http//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/FHSST_Physics_atomic_
nucleusOrigin_of_the_universe
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Complex Adaptive Systems

• complex system A complex system is a system whose
  properties are not fully explained by an
  understanding of its component parts. Complex
  systems consist of a large number of mutually
  interacting and interwoven parts, entities or
  agents. They are woven out of many parts, the
  Latin complexus comes from the Greek pleko or
  plektos, meaning "to plait or twine."
  (Gell-Mann). Complex systems is also often used
  as a broad term addressing a research approach
  which includes ideas and techniques from chaos
  theory, artificial life, evolutionary computation
  and genetic algorithms. http//www.answers.com/top
  ic/complex-system

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Complex Adaptive Behavior
http//www.answers.com/topic/complex-system
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Features of Complex Systems

• Emergence - more is different
• Relationships are non-linear
• Relationships contain feedback loops
• Complex systems are open
• The parts cannot contain the whole
• Complex systems have a history
• Complex systems are nested
• Boundaries are difficult to determine
• Complex networks

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Complex Networks

• Hidden Order
• Aggregation of systems
• Emergence of new properties
• Scale Free Networks
• Fractal based information rules?
• Self assembly process
• Self recognition, self replication
• Life?

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Emergence of Information

• Higgs boson / universe
• Chaos theory, fractals, Julia sets

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Emergence of Disciplines

• Math operating system of the universe
• Physics the universe in motion
• Chemistry physics in motion
• Biology molecular networks
• Ecology interconnected networks

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Nanoscale Emergence

• We live in an emergent universe
• Billiard balls vs. fuzzy functions
• Quantum rules have leveled out
• Ensembles act in Newtonian physics
• In smaller networks of 1,000s of atoms
• Atoms influenced by the quantum world
• The trick is to tap the inner rules of nature,
  and design them into our world

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Nanoscale Emergence
Emergent properties ?
Atoms Electrons Quanta
Dust Rain Rocks
Billiard balls
Fuzzy functions
? Quantum properties
Angstroms (10-8 cm)
Microns / meters
Concept by Robert Cormia
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Nanoscale Paradigm
1950 2000 Era of materials
Miniaturization from the top down
Quantum properties from the bottom up
Moores Law 20th Century
Moores Law 21st Century
2000 2050 Era of quanta
Concept by Hilary Lackritz
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Nanoscale Dimension

• Matter
• Energy
• Information

• Forces
• Quantum states
• Self assembly

Force interaction of matter and energy Quantum
states interaction of energy and
information Self assembly interaction of matter
and information
Nanotechnology touches the inner universe
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Nanoscale Dimension
Mass
Forces
Self-assembly
Energy
Information
Quantum states
Concept by Robert Cormia
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Summary

• Our world is emergent
• Networks of complexity
• Complex adaptive systems
• Networks are nested (disciplines)
• The atom and the periodic table
• Nanotechnology works in a fuzzy world
• Where quanta become particles

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References

• The First Three Minutes
• Emergence
• Hidden Order
• Santa Fe Institute (SFI) -http//www.santafe.edu/
  
• Linked
• Scale free networks