Why LPDs in Bali, Indonesia

1
If you steal an idea from a person its
plaigarism. If you steal an idea from a community
its research.--Anonymous
2
Objectives for the Week

• To practice formulating good research questions
• To practice matching questions to methods and
  audience
• To practice using field work methods including
  sampling
• To practice field analysis, implications and
  recommendations

3
Why a Field Study?

• The donor wants to see impact
• Institutional challenge
• Community perspectives
• Test a hunch

4
Steps in Research Process
5
Simulation Exercise

• Gender implications for Coadys Educational
  programs
• Focus groups
• Case-studies
• Confirmation surveys
• Universe Coady participants

6
Research Questions and Scope

• Right balance of breadth vs. depth
• Overall research question
• Dimensions and sub-questions
• Relevant and useful (stakeholders)
• Should point to methodology

7
Research Question and Scope

• What are some innovative cases of MOIs in remote
  areas that have something to teach the world?
• Effects of the following on remote outreach
• Member ownership and governance
• Second-tiers and strategic linkages
• Regulatory, supervisory and policy supports
• Defining Remote outreach in terms of
• Breadth Depth Length Cost (Affordability)
• Scope (Products) Worth (to Members)

8
Nature of Enquiry

• More qualitative Research
• Non-numerical
• Specific/contextual
• Population active in research participatory
• Inductive
• Social sciences

• More quantitative Research
• Numerical
• General
• Population passive
• Deductive
• Neoclassical economics (sciences)

9
Focus Groups

• Address a specific topic or issue with a small
  group
• 5-10 people
• Composition of group is key
• Representative
• Atypical
• Homogenous vs. Diverse

10
Case-Studies

• To deepen knowledge or insights around an issue
• To highlight a particular situation
• Intrinsic- to understand complexities
• Instrumental- to generalize to other situations

11
Confirmation Surveys

• Reversal of the usual order- survey then use
  case-studies to highlight
• To confirm to what extent findings from
  qualitative methods are generalizable
• Use quantitative methods to confirm qualitative
  data

12
Simulation Exercise

• Determine conceptual framework
• Which aspects of the research question will be
  explored?
• What is the scope of the study?
• Who will be included in the universe of study?
• Who are the stakeholders and what are their
  interests?

13
Examples of Methods in Ford Study

• Breadth of outreach (numbers of members)
• Policy effect on outreach
• Worth of outreach (value of membership)

• Data from MOI federation level
• Key informant interviews- regulators, MOIs,
  literature review
• Appreciative inquiry and focus groups with
  members and community

14
Stakeholder Analysis

• Support community members in analysis with others
• Support internal communication or dialogue
• Assess the manner in which various stakeholders
  may be affected

15
Stakeholder Analysis- Ford

• Members
• Member-owned institution management
• Regulators , donors, support organizations

• Strengthen their voice in decision-making
  understand results
• Useful tools for self-assessment
• Clarity on how best to support MOIs in remote
  areas

16
Methodology Data Collection

• Unit of analysis and sampling
• Appropriate to questions
• Who will conduct research
• Matching methods to questions
• Methods
• Indicators/dimensions within methods
• Sequencing

17
Focus Groups
18
Case-Studies
19
Confirmation Surveys
20
Sampling

• Representative
• Atypical
• Participants who share issue, concern or role
• Homogenous group
• Diverse group

• i.e. of membership
• Those who are not happy with program
• Leaders in their community
• All farmers all trades
• Selection of people of different ages, livelihoods

21
Selecting Remote Sample of Self Help Groups - Ford
22
Within Self Help Group Sample- FORD

• At least 5 focus groups
• Be representative of remote membership (most
  rural 20 )
• Represent a range of livelihood activities (i.e.
  largely farming diversified services)
• Represent a range of poverty levels
• Represent a range of time as members (new and
  old)
• Represent a range of ages
• At least one all-female group, preferably two
• Range of villages
• Where there are SHGs, may use SHGs as FGs
  provided they are representative

23
Sequencing for Data Collection

• Logical
• Makes sense for participants
• Makes sense for research questions
• Feasible
• Time resources
• Who is doing what?

24
Analysis

• Hunting and gathering
• Coding and clustering
• Expanding and contracting
• Who is involved?
• Triangulation
• Reliability of data
• Supportive evidence
• Process vs. Product

25
Conclusions, Implications and Use

• Who are the different groups that will use this
  research?
• Is the research in a form that will be useful?
• Does it need to be tailored to each group?
• Does the research need to be translated?
• Who are the authors?

26
Annotated Bibliography

• This website shows the indicators for
  sustainability of the community which could
  support the research in understanding what really
  needs to be targeted by the community and whether
  a collective effort is essential to achieve them.