Lincoln Johnson Plan for Reconstruction

1
Lincoln/ Johnson Plan for Reconstruction

• "With malice toward none, with charity for all"
  Lincoln
• Both Lincoln and Johnson supported lenient plans
  for Reconstruction.
• 10 Plan (Lincoln) Once ten percent of a
  southern state's 1860 voters had taken an oath of
  loyalty, the state could rejoin the Union.

• Both Lincoln and Johnson provided for a generous
  amnesty to allow Southerners to retain their
  property and reacquire their political rights.
• Johnson supported the 13th Amendment that
  abolished slavery but was reluctant to support
  Black suffrage believing this was an issue for
  states.

2
Freedmens Bureau

• Freedmens Bureau created to help displaced
  freedmen with immediate needs such as food and
  shelter
• Later, the Bureau would be extended to help
  freedmen find jobs and to enforce the 14th and
  15th amendments
• Abolished by Johnson in 1872

3
Failures under Johnsons Plan

• Black Codes Many states passed laws restricting
  the rights of freedmen
• Southern States admitted under Lincoln/Johnson
  plan refused to ratify 14th Amendment
• These failures contributed to growing support for
  Radical Republicans

4
Black Codes

• Severely restricted the rights of the freedmen
  after the 13th amendment outlawed slavery
• Most laws compelled Freedmen to return to the
  farm to work or to face being thrown in jail for
  vagrancy
• Laws restricted property ownership, marriage,
  curfews, town membership, etc.

5
Tenant Farming/ Sharecropping

• Sharecropping African Americans moved onto farms
  of former slave owners and worked for a portion
  of the crop.
• Freedmen kept a portion of the crop for
  themselves and gave the majority to the farm owner

6
Tenant Farming- Sharecropping

• Kept the freedmen indebted to the landowner and
  tied him to the land
• Landowners often loaned food and tools to the
  sharecropper during the year until the crop came
  in.
• This put the sharecropper in debt
• Contracts bound the sharecropper to the land
  until the contract was up or his forfeited his
  share of the crop.

7
Congressional Response to Johnsons plan

• Radical Republicans wanted to make the south pay
  for what they did
• Creation of the Joint Committee for
  Reconstruction in the southern states
• Overrode all of Johnsons vetoes and made
  provisions to deal with the freedmen

8
Congresss Plan

• "Congress alone can do it... Congress must create
  states and declare whether they are to be
  represented." -- Thaddeus Stevens
• Believed the South should be punished for
  starting the war and hoped to protect the rights
  of Freedmen (former slaves).

• Extended the Freedmen's Bureau (Over Johnson's
  Veto) to provide food, clothing, shelter, and
  education to freedmen and war refugees.
• Civil Rights Act of 1866 (Overrode Johnson's
  Veto) designed to grant freedmen full legal
  equality, undercutting the Black Codes

9
Congresss Plan

• Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Passed over Johnson's
  Veto)
• Divided the South into 5 districts and placed
  them under military rule (disbanded governments
  readmitted under Lincoln/Johnson plans)

10
Congresss Plan

• Required S. States to ratify the 14th Amendment
• Guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in
  conventions to write new state constitutions

11
Civil War/ Reconstruction Amendments

• 13th Amendment
• Abolished slavery

12
Civil War Amendments

• 14th Amendment
• Declared all person "born or naturalized in the
  United States" to be citizens.
• "Equal Protection of the Laws"
• Reduced the representation in Congress of states
  that did not grant Black Suffrage
• Banned Confederate officials from taking office
• Forbade the repayment of confederate War Debt

13
Civil War Amendments

• 15th Amendment
• The right to vote shall not be denied on the
  basis of "race, color, or previous condition of
  servitude"

14
Civil War Amendments

• Free Men Vote
• 13th Free slaves
• 14th All people born in US are citizens
• 15th Suffrage to all males

15
Southern Governments

• Military government are the put in place by
  Congress
• Replaced when the Freedmen are granted the right
  to vote
• African Americans are elected into Congress for
  the first time

16
Other Reconstruction Issues

• Scalawags and