WOMEN AND CRIME

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WOMEN AND CRIME

• FEMINIST EXPLANATIONS

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• IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY ARE MORE WOMEN GAINING A
  CRIMINAL IDENTITY?
• SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY DOMINATED BY FEMINIST THEORY
• THOSE WHO ARE FOR AND AGAINST

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FEMINIST EXPLANATION FOR LACK OF FEMALE CRIME

• 1 DIFFERENTIAL SOCIALIZATION
• SEX AND GENDER TWO SEPARATE ENTITIES
• THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER IDENTITY (ANN
  OAKLEY 1972)
• THE ROLE OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOCIALISATION
  ON GENDER FORMATION
• HIRCSHI AND CONTROL THEORY
• HEIDENSOHN FEMALE BEHAVIOUR MUCH MORE CLOSELY
  MONITORED (ESP ADOLESCENCE)
• 2 LESS OPPORTUNITY -RESTRICTIONS IN ADOLESCENCE,
  HOME AND WORK
• CRITIQUE- ALL WOMEN DONT CONFORM!!
• HAGAN (1990) THE STRUCTURE OF THE FAMILY AND
  FUTURE CONFORMITY- .
• THE EGALITARIAN FAMILY

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• EMANCIPATION /LIBERATION HYPOTHESIS NEW FEMALE
  CRIMINAL
• EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN THE FIELDS OF LEGITIMATE
  ENDEAVOR RUNS PARALLEL TO THE FACT THAT WOMEN ARE
  FORCING THEIR WAY INTO THE WORLD OF MAJOR CRIMES
  (ALDER 1975)
• SECOND WAVE FEMINISM AND EQUAL RIGHTS-
• -THE CONTRACEPTIVE PILL WOMEN NO LONGER
  SLAVES TO BIOLOGY
• -ENTERING THE WORKFORCE
• SIMON (1975)WOMEN IN BLUE/WHITE COLLAR WORK
• CASE STUDY MARTHA STEWART

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• CHIVALRY THESIS
• POLLAK (1950)
• PATERNALISM IN THE CJS
• COURTS MORE LENIENT (STEFFENSMEIR 1980)
• EFFECTS TYPE OF PUNISHMENT AND THE STATISTICS
• LLOYD (1995) ONLY IN RESPECT OF THOSE WOMEN WHOME
  CONFORM TO GENDER STEREOTYPES
• HOWEVER/ LESSENED THEIR LENIENCY

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• MARGINALISATION THESIS / ECONOMIC RATIONALITY
• MOST POPULAR TYPE OF CRIMES ARE SURVIVAL CRIMES
• BOX (1983) RISE IN CRIME CORRESPONDS WITH FEMALE
  ECONOMIC MARGINALISATION
• CARLEN (1988) THATCHER GOVERNMENT AND THE
  FEMINISATION OF POVERTY
• E.G. PROSTITUTION (MCLEOD 1982)