Federalism

1
Federalism

• I Existing Federal States
• II What Is Federalism?
• III Reasons For Federalism
• IV History of Federalist Thought

2
I Existing Federal States

• - Classical Federations
• - Federalism in the 20th Century
• - Federal Pathologies

3
Classical Federations

• 1789 United States of America
• 1824 Mexico
• 1830 Venezuela
• 1848 Switzerland
• 1853 Argentina
• 1867 Canada
• 1871 Germany
• 1889 Brazil
• 1901 Australia

4
Federalism in the 20th Century

• 1920 Austria
• 1950 India
• 1958 European Community (European Union 1993)
• 1963 Malaysia
• 1963 Nigeria
• 1971 United Arab Emirates
• 1973 Pakistan
• 1978 Spain

• 1979 Micronesia
• 1983 St. Kitts and Nevis
• 1993 Russia
• 1993 Belgium
• 1995 Ethiopia
• 1995 Bosnia and Herzegovina
• 1996 Comoros
• 1997 South Africa
• 2003 Serbia and Montenegro

5
Federal Pathologies

• significant territorial change
• Germany partition in 1949 reunification in 1991
• Yugoslavia reduction from six to two republics
  after 1991 renamed Serbia and Montenegro in 2003
• Malaysia expulsion of Singapore in 1965
• Pakistan secession of East Pakistan (Bangladesh)
  in 1971
• Ethiopia separation of Eritrea in 1993

• no longer existing
• Soviet Union (1918-91)
• Czechoslovakia (1948-92)
• Yugoslavia (1946-2003)
• United Arab States (1958-61)
• West Indies (1958-62)
• transformed into unitary state
• Lybia
• Indonesia

6
Federalism

• I Existing Federal States
• II What Is Federalism
• III Reasons For Federalism
• IV History of Federalist Thought

7
II What Is Federalism?

• Divided Government
• Bicameralism
• Compounded Majoritarianism
• Constitutional Guarantees
• Negotiating Compromise

8
Negotiating Compromise
9
II What Is Federalism?

• Divided Government
• Bicameralism
• Compounded Majoritarianism
• Constitutional Guarantees
• Negotiating Compromise

10
II What Is Federalism?

• Divided Government
• Bicameralism
• Compounded Majoritarianism
• Constitutional Guarantees
• Negotiating Compromise
• Social Solidarity

11
Federalism

• I Existing Federal States
• II What Is Federalism?
• III Reasons For Federalism
• IV History of Federalist Thought

12
III Reasons For Federalism

• Late State Formation
• Modernizers and Traditionalists
• External Threat
• Colonialism

13
Federalism

• I Existing Federal States
• II What Is Federalism?
• III Reasons For Federalism
• IV History of Federalist Thought

14
IV History of Federalist Thought

• Two Basic Traditions
• The American Model
• Montesquieu (1689-1755)
• The Federalist Papers (1787-88)
• The German Model
• Althusius (1557-1638)
• Kant (1724-1804)